Yenilenebilir ve Yenilenemez Enerji Kaynakları İle Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensel İlişkinin Araştırılması

Bugün her alanda enerji kullanılmakta olup, her geçen gün nüfus artışına ve sanayileşmeye bağlı olarak enerjiye duyulan ihtiyaç da artmaktadır. Enerji tüketiminin artması birincil (yenilenemez) enerji kaynaklarının üretimi ile tüketimi arasında dengesizlikler oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Çözüm olarak enerjinin ithal edilmesi cari açığa neden olmakta ve ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumsuz etki yaratmaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yapılan yatırımların istikrarlı bir şekilde devam etmesi, dışa bağımlılığın azaltılarak ekonomik büyümeyi arttıracağı düşünülmektedir. Literatür çalışmaları incelendiğinde, enerji ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedenselliği farklı metotları bir arada kullanan pek fazla çalışmaya rastlanmamaktadır. Bu çalışmalar genellikle nedenselliği tek bir yaklaşımla ele almaktadır. Çalışmamızda, 1993-2020 dönemleri arasında yenilenebilir ve yenilenemez enerji kaynakları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensel ilişki araştırılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede öncelikle yapısal kırılmasız ve yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testlerine yer verilmektedir. Daha sonra, değişkenlerin durağanlık yapısına bağlı olarak Granger, Breitung-Candelon, Toda-Yamamoto, Hacker-Hatemi-J ve Hatemi-J gibi nedensellik testleri kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda uygulanan birçok test sonucunda; tüm enerji bağlamında çift yönlü nedensellik olduğu, yenilenemez enerji için ekonomik büyümeden yenilenemez enerjiye doğru, yenilenebilir için ise yenilenebilir enerjiden ekonomik büyümeye doğru nedensel ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nedensellik, Yenilenemez enerji, Yenilenebilir enerji, Ekonomik büyüme.

The Investigation of the Causal Relationship Between Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Resources and Economic Growth

Today, energy is used in every field, and the need for energy is increasing day by day due to population growth and industrialization. The increase in energy consumption causes imbalances between the production and consumption of primary (non-renewable) energy resources. As a solution, importing energy causes a current account deficit and has a negative impact on economic growth. It is thought that the steady continuation of investments in renewable energy sources will increase economic growth by reducing foreign dependency. When the literature studies are examined, there are not many studies that use different methods together on the causality between energy and economic growth. These studies generally address causality with a single approach. In this study, the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy sources and economic growth is investigated for 1993-2020 periods. In this framework, firstly, unit root tests with and without structural break are used. Then, causality tests such as Granger, Breitung-Candelon, Toda-Yamamoto, Hacker-Hatemi-J and Hatemi-J are used depending on the stationarity structure of the variables. As a result of many tests applied in our study; It has been found that there is bidirectional causality in the whole energy context, from economic growth to non-renewable energy for non-renewable energy and from renewable energy to economic growth for renewable energy.

Keywords:

Causality, Non-renewable energy, Renewable energy, Economic growth.,

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