19034

Bölgesel Bir Kompleks Olarak Mağrip

Bu makalenin amacı Mağrip’in bölgeselliğini bölgenin tarihsel deneyimi, siyasi örgütlenmesi ve bölgesel güvenlik dinamiklerini inceleyerek ölçmektir. Björn Hettne’nin ortaya koyduğu bölgesellik kavramı ve bölgeselliğin beş düzeyi çalışmaya kavramsal bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. İnceleme sonucunda, Mağrip’in siyasal yapılanma ve bölgesel güvenlik dinamikleri açısından bölgeselleşmenin ikinci düzeyi olan bölgesel kompleks’in özelliklerini gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Siyasi açıdan bölgedeki siyasi yapılar Vestfalyan tarzda ulus-devletler şeklinde örgütlenmişlerdir. Güvenlik açısından ise sömürgecilik sonrası ulus-devlet inşa etme ve güçlendirme süreci, sömürgecilik döneminden miras kalan toprak ve sınır anlaşmazlıkları ve bölgesel güç çekişmeleri nedeniyle devletler arasında yaşanan çatışmalar bölgeyi anaşik bir yapı içinde rekabet eden bir grup devletten oluşan “Standart Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi” haline getirmiştir. Devletler arası ilişkilerin rekabet, denge ve ittifaklar temelinde yürütülmesi ise bölgedeki güvenlik kompleksinin çatışma formasyonu şeklinde yapılanmasına neden olmuştur. Bölgenin bu çatışmacı karakteri, bölgeyi klasik, devlet-merkezli ve askeri-siyasi tipte bir “Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi” durumuna getirmiştir.

Maghreb as a Regional Complex

This article aims to evaluate Maghreb’s regionness by analyzing its historical experience, political organization and regional security dynamics. The concept of regionness and five levels of regionalization, which are introduced by Björn Hettne, provides a conceptual framework for the study. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that in terms of political structuring and regional security dynamics, Maghreb demonstates the characteristics of second level of regionalization, which is the regional complex. In political terms, political entities in the region are organized as nation-states. In security terms, inter-state conflicts that have arisen out of nation-state building and consolidation process, territorial and boundary disputes inhereted from the period of colonial rule, and regional power rivalry among states turn the region into “Standard Regional Security Complex”, which is composed of a group of states competing with one another in an anarchic structure. Conduct of inter-state relations through rivalries, balances and alliances results in the structuring of regional security complex as a conflict formation. The conflictual character of the region makes it a classical, state-centric, military-political type “Regional Security Complex"

Keywords:

Maghreb, Regionness, Regional Complex Regional Security Complex,

PDF

___

Abun-Nasr, J.M. (1975). A History of the Maghrib. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Aghrout, A. (2008). Policy Reforms in Algeria: Genuine Change or Adjustments?. Y. H. Zoubir ve H. Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (31-52). New York: Routledge.
Buzan, B. and Weaver O. (2003). Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cavatorta, F. (2004). Constructing and Open Model of Transition: The Case of North Africa. The Journal of North African Studies, 9(3), 1-18.
Dris, C. (2008). Rethinking Maghrebi Security: The Challenge of Multilateralism. Y. H. Zoubir ve H. Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (245-265). New York: Routledge.
Dursun, D. ve Miş, N. (2010). Batı Sahra: Sömürge Mirasında Hâkimiyet Mücadelesi. K. İnat, B. Duran, M. Ataman (Ed.). Dünya Çatışmaları: Çatışma Bölgeleri ve Konuları Cilt: 1 içinde (199-222). İstanbul: Nobel Yayınları.
Entelis, J.P. (2008). Democratic Desires and the Authoritarian Temptation in the Central Maghreb. Y. H. Zoubir ve H. Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (9-30). New York: Routledge.
Güney, A. ve Çelik, A. (2007). The European Union's Democracy Promotion Policies in Algeria: Success or Failure?. The Journal of North African Studies, 12(1), 109-128.
Henry, C.M. (2008). Reverberations in the Central Maghreb of the "Global War on Terror". Y. H. Zoubir ve H. Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (294-310). New York: Routledge.
Hettne, B. (2005). Regionalism and World Order. M. Farrell, B. Hettne ve L. van Langenhove (Ed.). Global Politics of Regionalism: Theory and Practice içinde (269-286). Londra: Pluto Press.
Hettne, B. ve Söderbaum, F. (2000). Theorising the Rise of Regionness. New Political Economy, 5(3), 457-472.
Kaplan, M. (2005). System and Process in International Relations. Colchester: ECPR Press.
Keenan, J.H. (2006). Security and Insecurity in North Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 33(108), 269-296.
Knapp, W. (1977). North West Africa: A Political and Economic Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mezran, K. (1998). Maghribi Foreign Policies and the Internal Security Dimension. The Journal of North African Studies, 3(1), 1-24
Mohamedou, M. (1999). The Rise and Fall of Democratization in the Maghreb. P. J. Magnarella (ed.). Middle East and North Africa: Governance, Democratization, Human Rights içinde (209-240). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Naylor, P.C. (2009). North Africa: A History from Antiquity to the Present. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Ould-Mey, M. (2008). Mauritania: Between the Hammer of Economic Globalization and the Anvil of Multiparty Factionalism. Y. H. Zoubir ve H.
Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (71-89). New York: Routledge.
Parker, R.B. (1987). North Africa: Regional Tensions and Strategic Concerns. New York: Praeger.
Sadiki, L. (2008). Engendering Citizenship in Tunisia: Prioritizing Unity over Democracy. Y. H. Zoubir ve H. Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (109-132). New York: Routledge.
St John, R.B. (2008). Libya: Reforming the Economy, Not the Polity. Y. H. Zoubir ve H. Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (53-70). New York: Routledge. Sylvester, A. (1969). Tunisia. USA: Dufour Editions.
Vandewalle, D. (2006). A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
White, G.W. (2008). The "End of the Era of Leniency" in Morocco. Y. H. Zoubir ve H. Amirah-Fernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (90-108). New York: Routledge.
Wright, J. (1969). Libya. New York: Frederick A. Praeger Publishers.
Zisenwine, D. (2007). Mauritania's Democratic Transition: A Regional Model for Political Reform?. The Journal of North African Studies, 12(4), 481-499.
Zoubir, Y. (2000). Algerian-Moroccan Relations and their Impact on Maghribi Integration. The Journal of North African Studies, 5(3), 43-74.
Zoubir, Y.H. (2008). The United States, Islamism, Terrorism, and Democracy in the Maghreb: The Predominance of Security?. Y. H. Zoubir ve H. AmirahFernandez (Ed.). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde (266-293). New York: Routledge.