Kapitalizm İçin Çalışmak: Çin’de İşgücü Piyasasının İnşası

Çin’in çarpıcı yükselişi, küresel kapitalizmin içinde bulunduğu yeniden yapılanma döneminin en önemli gelişmelerinden biridir. “Reform ve dışa açıklık” mottosuyla hayata geçirilen tedrici dönüşüm genellikle ülkenin gösterdiği büyüme performansı, ekonomik dinamizm ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Çin’in ülkenin çalışan sınıflarının içinde bulunduğu koşullarda ve endüstri ilişkilerinde radikal değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Radikal değişimin en özlü ifadesi, “demir pirinç kâsesi”nin kırılmasıdır. İşgücü piyasası reformunun ülke ekonomisinin yerli ve yabancı kapitalist firmaların gerçekleştirdiği çıktı artışına katkıda bulunduğu aşikârdır. Ancak, aynı şeyi çalışan sınıfların yaşam koşulları ve kalitesi için ileri sürmek güç gözükmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikli olarak işgücü piyasasının inşa süreci üzerinde durulacaktır. Ardından özelleştirme dalgası ve sendikal örgütlenmede yaşanan yapısal-konjonktürel güçlüklere vurgu yapılacaktır. İşgücünün geçirdiği dönüşüm ve artan mobilizasyon, işçi sınıfının heterojenleşmesi ve tüm bu etkenlerin sınıf mücadelesine olan olumsuz etkileri çalışmada ele alınacak diğer hususlar arasındadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çin işgücü piyasası, reform ve dışa açıklık, demir pirinç kâsesi

China’s impressive rise is one of the most important events of reconstruction period which global capitalism is going through. Gradual transformation which put into practice with “reform and openness” motto is usually discussing in the context of country’s growth performance, economic dynamism and foreign direct investments. China’s attemps to integrate into the global market system has caused radical changes in the conditions of working classes and industrial relations. “Breaking the iron rice bowl” is the most succinct expression of the radical change. It is possible to suggest that labor market reform has contributed output increase performed by the economy domestic and foreign capitalist firms . However it is hard to suggest the same idea for living conditions and quality of life of working classes. The study will primarily focus on the construction process of labor markets. Later on wave of privatization and structural-cyclical challenges for unionisation will be emphasized. The transformation and the increasing mobility of labor, heterogenization of the working class and negative influence of all these factors on class struggle are among other subjects which will be discussed in the study

Keywords:

China labor market, reform and opening, iron rice bowl,

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