Hurmanın (Phoenix dactylifera) Bileşimi ve Antioksidan Özellikleri

Hurma insanlık tarihinde birçok açıdan önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Aynı zamanda Hristiyanlık, Musevilik ve İslam gibi dinlerde öne çıkmış bir meyvedir. İçeriğindeki çeşitli bileşenler sağlığı olumlu etkilemektedir. Bu bileşenlerin miktarları hurmanın kuru veya taze oluşlarına, olgunluk derecelerine (Kimri, Khalal, Rutab, Tamer) ve depolanma koşullarına bağlı olarak değişebilmektedir. Hurma antioksidan özelliğe sahip olan karoten, flavonoid, prosiyanidin, antosiyanin ve fenolik bileşikleri içerdiği için iyi bir antioksidan kaynağıdır. Yüksek posa ve antioksidan içeriği ile kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi kronik hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde önemli etkileri olabilir. Derleme olarak hazırlanan bu makalede, sağlık üzerine etkileri bulunan hurmanın bileşimi ve antioksidan özelliklerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

The Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifer a)

Date palm has had a significant place in the history of humanity in numerous aspects. At the same time, Christianity, Judaism and Islam, such as religions have come to the fore. The various components present in the content are positively affecting the health. The amount of these components depends on dryness or freshness of date, ripeness level (Kimri, Khalal, Rutab, Tamer) and conditions of storage. Date is a source of anti-oxidants, as it consists of carotene, flavonoid, procyanidin, anthocyanin and phenolic components which have anti-oxidant characteristics. It is quite effective in preventing and curing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases thanks to its high pulp and anti-oxidant content. As prepared in this review article, the palm is located effects on health composition and to evaluate its antioxidant properties.

PDF

___

Chao CT and Krueger RR. The Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera Lin.): Overview of Biology, Uses, and Cultivation, HortScience 2007;42:5.
Nikmoeen J, Akbarian AA, NoorMohammadi MR Evaluating Therapeutic Properties of Quranic Fruits, and Their Effects on Health Promotion. Journal of Quran and Medicine 2014;3(1):e11147.
Alshahib W, Marshall RJ. The fruit of the date palm: Its possible use as the best food for the future. Int J.Food Sci Nutr 2003;54:247-259.
Rahmani AH, Aly SM, Ali H, Babiker AY, Srikar S, Khan AA. Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti- inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;7(3):483-491.
Alhaider IA, Mohamed ME, Ahmed KKM, Kumar AH. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits as a potential cardioprotective agent: The role of circulating progenitor cells. Front Pharmacol 2017;8:592.
Hussein AS, Alhadrami GA, Khalil YH. The use of dates and date pits in broiler starter and finisher diets. Biores Technol 1998;66:219–223.
Siddiq M. Dates: Postharvest Science, Processing Technology and Health Benefits, 1st ed. Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell publishing; 2014. p.141.
Alhooti S, Sidhu JS, Qabazard H. Physicochemical Characteristics of Five Date Fruit Cultivars Grown in The United Arab Emirates. Arab Gulf J Scı Res 1995;3:553–569
Baliga S, Baliga V, Kandathil S. A Review of the Chemistry and Pharmacology of The Date Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera L.). Food Res Int 2011;44:1812-1822.
Alfarsi MA, Lee CY. Nutritional and functional properties of dates: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nut. 2008;48:877−887.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Available at: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list Accessed August 5, 2018.
El-Sohaimy SA, Hafez EE. Biochemical and nutritional characterization of date palm fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera L). J Appl Sci Res 2010;6:1060-1067.
Ahmed IA, Ahmed WK. Chemical composition of date varieties as influenced by the stage of ripening. Food Chem 1995;54:305-309.
Alkaabi JM, Al-Dabbagh B, Ahmad S, Saadi HF, Gariballa S, Al-Ghazali M. glycemic ındices of five varieties of dates in healthy and diabetic subjects. Open Nutr J 2011;10:59
Arem AE, Guido F, Behija SE, Manel I, Nesrine Z, Ali F, Mohamed H, Noureddine HA, Lotfi A. Chemical and aroma volatile compositions of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at three maturation stages. Food Chem 2011;127:1744–1754.
Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Morris A, Baron M, Shahidi F. Compositional and sensory characteristics of threenative sun-dried date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Varieties Grown in Oman. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:7586-7591.
Sadiq IS, Izuagie T, Shuaibu M, Dogoyaro AI, Garba A, Abubakar S. The nutritional evaluation and medicinal value of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Int JModern Chem 2013;4(3):147-154.
Elguerrouj M, Paquot M, Robert C, Benjouad A, Bouakka M., Hakkou, A. Physico–chemical composition of two varieties of Moroccan palm date fruit. Asian J Chem 2011;23:1932–1936.
Jamil MS, Nadeem R, Hanif MA, Ali MA, Akhtar K. Proximate composition and mineral profile of eight different unstudied date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) varieties from Pakistan. Afr J Biotechnol 2010;9:3252– 3259.
Ali-Mohamed AY, Khamis AS. Mineral ion content of the seeds of six cultivars of bahraini date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera). J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6522–6525.
Aslam J, Khan SH, Khan SA. Quantification of water soluble vitamins in six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar’s fruits growing in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, through high performance liquid chromatography. J Saudi Chem Soc 2011;17:9–16.
Besbes S, Blecker C, Deroanne C, Drira NE, Attia H. Date seeds: Chemical composition and characteristic profiles of the lipid fraction. Food Chem 2004;84:577-584.
Platat C, Habib HM, AL, Maqbali FD, Jaber NN, Ibrahim WH. Identification of date seeds varieties patterns to optimize nutritional benefits of date seeds. Nutr Food Sci 2014;S8:008.
Guendez R, Kallithraka S, Makris DP, Kefalas P. An analytical survey of the polyphenols of seeds of varieties of grape (Vitis Vinifera) cultivated in Greece: Implications for exploitation as a source of value-added phytochemicals. Phytochem Analysis 2005;16:17-23.
Jaih M, Afiq A, Abdul-Rahman R, Che-Man Y, Al-Kahtani HA, Tengku-Mansor TS. Date seed and date seed oil. Int Food Res J 2013;20(5):2035-2043.
Akbari M, Razavizadeh R, Mohebbi GH, Barmak A. Oil characteristics and fatty acid profile of seeds from three varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars in Bushehr-Iran. Afr J Biotechnol 2012;11(57):12088.
Namiki M. Antioxidants/antimutagens in food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1990;29:273–300.
Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Morris A, Baron M, Shahidi F. Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:7592-7599.
Gu L, Kelm MA, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Holden J, Haytowitz D, et al. Screening of foods containing proanthocyanidins and their structural characterization using LCMS/MS and thiolytic degradation. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:7513-7521.
Mansouri A, Embarek G, Kokkalou E, Kefalas P. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix Dactylifera). Food Chem 2005;89(3):411–420.
Fine AM. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes: History, structure, and phytopharmaceutical applications. Altern Med Rev 2000;5(2):144-151.
Hong YJ, Tomas-Barberan FA, Kader AA, Mitchell AE. The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of deglet noor dates (Phoenix Dactylifera). J Agric Food Chem 2006;54:2405−2411.
Tebib K, Bessanicon P, Rouanet J. Dietary grape seed tannins affect lipoproteins, lipoproteinlipases, and tissue lipids in rats fed hypercholesterolemic diets. Int J Nutr 1994;124:2451-2457
Meral R, Doğan İS, Kanberoğlu GS. Fonksiyonel gıda bileşeni olarak antioksidanlar. Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2008;2(2):45- 50.
Tapas AR, Sakarkar, AM, Kakde, RB. Flavonoids as nutraceuticals: A review. Trop J Pharm Res 2008;7:1089– 1099.
Vembu S, Sivanasan D, Prasanna G. Effect Of Phoenix Deactylifera on High Fat Diet İnduced Obesity. J Chem Pharm Res 2012;4(1):348-352
Bradford PG and Awad AB Phytosterols as anticancer compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51(2):161–170.
Thompson LU, Boucher BA., Liu Z, Cotterchio M, Kreiger N. Phytoestrogen content of foods consumed in Canada, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestan. Nutr Cancer 2006;54(2): 184–201.
Shivashankara KS, Isobes S, Al-Haq MI, Takenaka M, Shinha T. Fruit antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, total phenol, quercetin, and carotene of Irwin mango fruits stored at low temperature after high electric field treatment. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:1281–1286.
Vinson JA, Hao Y, Su X, Zubik LS. Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: Vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46:3630- 3634.
Vinson JA, Su X, Zubik L, Bose P. Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: fruits. J Agric Food Chem Chemistry 2001;49:5315–5321.
Vinson JA, Zubic L, Bose P, Samman N, Proch J. Dried fruits: Excellent in vitro and in vivo antioxidants. J Am Coll Nutr 2005;24(1):44-50.
Castenmiller JJ and West CE. Bioavailability and bioconversion of carotenoids. Ann Rev Nutr 1998;18:19– 38.
Wang H, Cao G, Prior R. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins. J Agric Food Chem 1997;45:304−309.
Du Q, Zheng J, Xu Y. Composition of anthocyanins in mulberry and their antioxidant activity. Food Compost Anal 2008;21:390-395.
Biglari F, Al-Karkhi AM, Easa AM. Cluster analysis of antioxidant compounds in dates (Phoenix Dactylifera): Effect of long-term cold storage. Food Chem 2009;112:998–1001.
Haider MS, Khan IA, Naqvi SA, Jaskani MJ, Khan RW, Maryam MN, et al. Fruit developmental stages effects on biochemıcal attributes in date palm Pakistan. J Agric Sci 2013;50(4):577-583.
Akbari-Ameer AA. Antioxidant activity of bahraini date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera. L.) fruit of various cultivars. Int J Food Sci Tech 2008;43(6):1033–1040.