Diyet Posasının ve Bağırsak Mikrobiyotasının Kolon Kanseri Riskine Etkileri

Sağlık üzerinde birçok faydalı etki gösteren diyet posası, son yıllarda mikrobiyota ve kolon kanseri ile ilgili yayınlara en fazla konu olan besin bileşenlerinden birisidir. Bağırsakta fermente edilebilirliklerine göre diyet posasının çözünür ve çözünmez posa olmak üzere iki türü mecvuttur. Çözünür posa türlerinin kısa zincirli yağ asidi (KZYA) sentezini arttırarak anti-inflamatuvar, anti-tümör, anti-proliferatif, prebiyotik özellikler gösterdiği ve bağırsakta disbiyozu önlediği bilinmektedir. Çözünmez posa türleri ise pasaj hızını arttırarak ve safra asitleri başta olmak üzere kanserojen bileşenlerin emilimini önleyerek potansiyel anti-kanser etkiler göstermektedir. Tüm bu potansiyel etkileri aracılığı ile diyet posasının kolon kanseri riskini azalttığı düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme yazıda diyetle tüketilen posa ve bağırsak mikrobiyotasının kolon kanseri üzerine olası etkilerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Effects of Dietary Fibre and Colon Microbiota on Colon Cancer Risk

Dietary fibre has significant amount of benefits on human health. Dietary fibre is a nutrient which is the most common subject of studies about colon microbiota and colon cancer. There are two types of dietary fibres according to their fermentability in colon such as soluble and insoluble fibre. Soluble fibre by increasing the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) has beneficial anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-proliferative, prebiotic and dysbiosis prevention effects. Insoluble fibres increase the passage speed and decrease absorption of cancinogenic substances such as secondary bile acids. Dietary fibre may decrease risk of colon cancer through these potential effects. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential effects of dietary fibre and colon microbiota on colon cancer.

PDF

___

1. Granados-Romero JJ, Valderrama-Treviῆo AI, Contreras Flores EH, Berrera-Mera B, Enrῖquez MH, Uriarte-Ruῖz K, et al. Colorectal cancer: A review. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017;5(11):4667-76.
2. World Health Organization. Cancer. September 12, 2018. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/cancer Accessed December 28, 2019.
3. Mάrmol I, Sάnchez-de-Diego C, Dieste AP, Cerrada E, Yoldi MJR. Colorectal carcinoma: A general overview and future perspectives in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(1):1-39.
4. World Health Organization. Cancer; cancer prevention. September 12, 2018. Available at: https://www.who.int/ cancer/prevention/en/ Accessed December 28, 2019.
5. Dieterich W, Schink M, Zopf Y. Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Med Sci. 2018;6(4):1-15.
6. Toor D, Wasson MK, Kumar P, Karthikeyan G, Kaushik NK, Goel C, et al. Dysbiosis disrupts gut immune homeostasis and promotes gastric diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(10):1-14.
7. Yoon K, Kim N. The effect of microbiota on colon carcinogenesis. J Cancer Prev. 2018;23(3):117-25.
8. Holscher HD. Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes. 2017;8(2):172- 84.
9. Jahani-Sherafat S, Alebouyeh M, Moghim S, Amoli HA, Ghasemian-Safaei H. Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer: A review article. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2018;11(2):101-9.
10. Li YO, Komarek AR. Dietary fibre basics: Health, nutrition, analysis and applications. Food Qual Saf. 2017;1(1):47-59.
11. Perry JR, Ying W. A review of physiological effects of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers. J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;6(2):1-6.
12. Ötles S, Ozgoz S. Health effects of dietary fiber. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2014;13(2):191-202.
13. Papandreou D, Noor ZT, Rashed M. The role of soluble, insoluble fibers and their bioactive cpmpounds in cancer: A mini review. Food Nutr Sci. 2015;6(1):1-11.
14. Dahl WJ, Stewart ML. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Health implications of dietary fiber. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(10):1861-70.
15. Stephen AM, Champ MMJ, Cloran SJ, Fleith M, van Lieshout L, Mejborn H, et al. Dietary fibre in Europe: Current state of knowledge on definitions, sources, recommendations, intakes and relationships to health. Nutr Res Rev. 2017;30(2):149-90.
16. Simpson HL, Campbell BJ. Review article: Dietary fibre microbiota interactions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42(2):158-79.
17. Makki K, Deehan EC, Walter J, Backhed F. The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;23(6):705-15.
18. Zeng H, Lazarova DL, Bordonaro M. Mechanisms linking dietary fiber, gut microbiota and colon cancer prevention. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2014;6(2):41-51.
19. Matt SM, Allen JM, Lawson MA, Mailing LJ, Woods JA, Johnson RW. Butyrate and dietary soluble fiber improve neuroinflammation associated with aging in mice. Front Immunol. 2018;9(1):1-15.
20. Hashemi Z, Fouhse J, Im HS, Chan CB, Willing BP. Dietary pea fiber supplementation improves glycemia and induces changes in the composition of gut microbiota, serum short chain fatty acid profile and expression of mucins in glucose intolerant rats. Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1-14.
21. Eid N, Walton G, Costabile A, Kuhnle GGC, Spencer JPE. Polyphenols, glucosinolates, dietary fibre and colon cancer: Understanding the potential of specific types of fruit and vegetables to reduce bowel cancer progression. Nutr Aging. 2014;2(1):47-67.
22. Navarro SL, Neuhouser ML, Cheng TD, Tinker LF, Shikany JM, Snetselaar L, et al. The interaction between dietary fiber and fat and risk of colorectal cancer in the women’s health initiative. Nutrients. 2016;8(12):1-16.
23. Capuano E. The behavior of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract determines its physiological effect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(16):3543-64.
24. Kim K, Kwon O, Ryu TY, Jung C, Kim J, Min J, et al. Propionate of a microbiota metabolite induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(2):1569-74.
25. Greten FR, Grivennikov SI. Inflammation and cancer: Triggers, mechanisms and consequences. Immunity. 2019;51(1):27-41.
26. Feng W, Ao H, Peng C. Gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and herbal medicines. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9(1):1-12.
27. O’Keefe SJD. Diet, microorganisms and their metabolites and colon cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;13(12):691-706.
28. Dahmus JD, Kotler DL, Kastenberg DM, Kistler CA. The gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: A review of bacterial pathogenesis. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2018;9(4):769-77.
29. Zeng H, Umar S, Rust B, Lazarova D, Bordonaro M. Secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids in the colon: A focus on colonic microbiome, cell proliferation, inflammation and cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(5):1-19.
30. Lattimer JM, Haub MD. Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. Nutrients. 2010;2(12):1266-89.
31. Kunzmann AT, Coleman HG, Huang W, Kitahara CM, Cantwell MM, Berndt SI. Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer and incident and recurrent adenoma in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(4):881-90.
32. Song Y, Liu M, Yang FG, Cui LH, Lu XY, Chen C. Dietary fibre and the risk of colorectal cancer: A case-control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(9):3747-52.
33. Vulcan A, Brάndstedt J, Manjer J, Jirström K, Ohlsson B, Ericson U. Fibre intake and incident colorectal cancer depending on fibre source, sexi tumour location and tumor, node, metastasis stage. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(6):959- 69.
34. Ma Y, Hu M, Zhou L, Ling S, Li Y, Kong B, et al. Dietary fiber intake and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: A meta-analysis. Medicine. 2018;97(36):1-8.