Aralıklı Açlık Diyetleri ve Düşük Karbonhidratlı Diyetlerin Obezite Tedavisindeki Etkisi

Obezite, prevalansı giderek artan küresel bir sağlık sorunudur. Fazla kilolu ve obez bireyleri tedavi etmek için yeni diyet stratejileri oluşturulmuştur ve bu diyet stratejileri popüler ve yaygın hale gelmiştir. Bu diyetler arasında “aralıklı açlık diyetleri” ve “düşük karbonhidratlı diyetler (DKD)” bulunmaktadır. Birçok aralıklı açlık diyeti varyasyonu açlık döngülerinin uzunluğu ve sıklığı bakımından farklılık gösterir. Alternatif gün açlık diyetleri (dönüşümlü açlık), zaman kısıtlı beslenme, dini oruç olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Düşük karbonhidratlı diyetlerin ortak bir tanımı bulunmamaktadır. Bazı DKD’lerde enerji alımına bağlı, bazılarında ise enerji alımından bağımsız olarak karbonhidrat alım miktarı kısıtlanmaktadır. Alternatif gün açlık diyetlerinin ve zaman sınırlı beslenmenin vücut ağırlığı kaybında olumlu etkileri olduğu öne sürülmektedir, ancak, açlık süresinin uzaması diyete uyumu azaltabilir. Ramazan orucunda ise genellikle bir aylık süreçte kaybedilen vücut ağırlığı geri kazanılmaktadır. Düşük karbonhidratlı diyetlerin vücut ağırlığı kaybı üzerine olumlu etkileri olsa da düşük yağlı diyetlerin etkileri konusunda çelişkili veriler bulunmaktadır. Her iki beslenme modeli de obezitede vücut ağırlık kontrolü için uygulanabilecek yaklaşımlar olabilir; ancak uzun dönemli etkilerinin ortaya konulması için uzun süreli takip çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

The Effect of Intermittent Fasting Diets and Low Carbohydrate Diets on Obesity Treatment

Obesity is a global health problem with an increasing prevalence. New dietary strategies have been established to treat overweight and obese individuals, and these dietary strategies have become popular and widespread. These diets include “intermittent fasting diets” and “low-carb diets (LCD)”. Many intermittent fasting diet variations differ in length and frequency of fasting cycles. Intermittent fasting diets can be classified as alternative day fasting diets (alternating fasting), time- restricted diet, religious fasting. There is no common definition of low-carb diets. In some LCDs, the amount of carbohydrate intake is restricted, depending on the energy intake and in others, regardless of the energy intake. It is suggested that alternative day-fasting diets and time-restricted diet have positive effects on body weight loss. However, prolonged fasting period may decrease compliance with diet. In the fasting of Ramadan, body weight that is generally lost in a month is regained. Although low-carb diets have positive effects on body weight loss, there are conflicting data on the effects of low-fat diets. Both diet models can be approaches that can be applied for weight control in obesity; however, long-term follow-up studies are needed to reveal its long-term effects.

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