1915

SOVYET BİRLİĞİNDE SOSYALİST YENİDEN YAPILANDIRMA REFORMU TEMELİNDE KAZAKİSTAN'DA KOLLEKTİFLEŞTİRME POLİTİKASI

Sovyetler Birliği’nin 1991’de dağılması, bu coğrafyada yaşayan Türk halklarının tarihine farklı etkiler yapmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği döneminde yapılmış ideolojik baskı nedeniyle eleştirilemeyen çalışmalar ve araştırmalar günümüzde sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti’nin modern gelişim döneminde, 1920-1930'lu yıllardaki ulusal tarihine araştırmacıların ilgisi artmıştır. Bu tamamen doğal bir olgudur, çünkü bu süre zarfında Sovyet toplumunun temelleri atılmıştır. Yeniden yapılanma ile tarih biliminin Komünist rejimin ideolojik etkilerinden ve şablonlarından kurtarılması sağlanmıştır. Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti’nin modern tarihinde dikkat çeken en belirgin gelişme Rusya’ya katılması olmuştur. Ancak, Kazakistan’da Rus sömürgeciliğine karşı Kazakların ulusal kurtuluş hareketleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Sovyet Rusya döneminde de Moskova yönetiminin politikaları Kazakistan’da büyük toplumsal felaketlere yol açmıştır. Sovyet Rusya’nın 1920 ve 1930’lu yıllarda uyguladığı politikalar Kazakistan’da “En Büyük Zulüm Yılları” kabul edilmiştir. Bu yıllar Sovyet Rusya yönetiminin Kazak geleneksel ekonomisinin sosyoekonomik yapısını zayıflatma ve ulusal kültürünü yok etme politikasını uyguladığı yıllar olmuştur. Sovyet Rusya yönetimi bu yıllarda Kazak halkının tarihsel rolünü küçültmeye çalışarak tarihi bir adaletsizlik yapmıştır. Kazak halkı buna Rus sömürgeciliği öncesi göçebe hayatın yaşandığı dönemleri konu alan pek çok eser üreterek duygusal bir tepki vermiştir. Makalede, Stalin'in yönetimi yıllarında Sovyet gücünün Kazakistan'daki tüm geleneksel yapısının kaldırılması, Kazak halkının geleneksel ekonomisinin sosyo-ekonomik biçimlerini zayıflatmak için önlemler, Sovyetler Birliği'nin kollektifleştirme, müsadere politikası ve kollektifleştirme politikasına karşı halk protestosu hususlarını kapsamaktadır. Zorla kollektifleştirmenin geniş ölçekli planı sadece Kazakistan'daki hayvan çiftliklerinde ekonomik krize yol açmakla kalmadı, aynı zamanda Kazakistan'da sosyo-demografik sonuçlara da yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, Sovyet kaynaklarından elde edilen tarihsel verilere dayanmaktadır.

THE POLICY OF COLLECTIVIZATION DRIVE IN KAZAKHSTAN BASED ON THE FORM OF SOCIALIST RESTRUCTURING REFORM IN THE SOVIET UNIO

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 had different effects on the history of the Turkish peoplesliving in this geography. Studies and research that could not be criticized due to ideological pressureduring the Soviet Union have started to be questioned today. During the modern developmentperiod of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the interest of researchers in the national history of the1920s-1930s increased. This is an entirely natural phenomenon, since the foundations of Sovietsociety were laid during this time. Thanks to the reconstruction, history as a science was liberatedfrom the ideological influences and templates of the Communist regime.The most major development in the modern history of the Republic of Kazakhstan was itsparticipation in Russia. However, the national liberation movements of the Kazakhs against Russiancolonialism emerged in Kazakhstan. During the Soviet Russian era, the policies of the Moscowadministration gave rise to great social calamities in Kazakhstan.The policies implemented by Soviet Russia in the 1920s and 1930s were considered as the “GreatestYears of Persecution" in Kazakhstan. These were the years when the Soviet Russia administrationimplemented a policy of weakening the socio-economic structure of the Kazakh traditional economyand destroying its national culture.Soviet Russian rule had committed a historic injustice in these years by trying to diminish thehistorical role of the Kazakh people. The Kazakh people reacted emotionally to this by producingmany works on the periods of nomadic life before Russian colonialism.The article covers the abolition of the entire traditional structure of Soviet power in Kazakhstanduring the rule of Stalin, measures taken to weaken the socio-economic structures of the Kazakhpeople's traditional economy, public protest the Soviet Union's policy of collectivization andconfiscation. The large-scale plan of forced collectivization not only led to an economic crisis in theanimal farms in Kazakhstan, but also led to socio-demographic consequences in Kazakhstan. Thisstudy is based on historical data gathered from Soviet sources.

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ISSN: 2146-4456
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2011
Yayıncı: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi