Kredi Kartı Sorunları, Finansal Okuryazarlık ve Finansal Eğitim

Çalışmamızda, Türkiye genelinden rassal olarak seçilmiş 2576 kişiyle yapılan anket verileri kullanılarak, tüketicilerin kredi kartı kullanma pratikleri incelenmektedir. Yaşanan kredi kartı temerrüt ve takip sorunlarını azaltmak için bu pratiklerde iyileştirilmesi/düzeltilmesi gereken yönler olup olmadığı araştırılmaktadır. Tüketicilerin özellikle taksitlendirme ve tüketimi zamana yayma isteği ile kart edindikleri, genellikle kredi kartı hizmetleri ve diğer bankacılık hizmetlerini bir paket olarak gördükleri, kart edinirken kartların bonus, mil, prestij gibi fiyat dışı özelliklerine, faiz ve yıllık kullanım ücreti gibi fiyat özelliklerinden daha çok önem verdikleri görülmektedir. Ayrıca, temerrüt ve takip sorunu yaşayan kullanıcıların ciddi finansal okuryazarlık sorunları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu tür kullanıcıların, kredi kartı faiz oranlarını bilmedikleri, kredi kartları ile ne zaman ve nasıl borçlanılması gerektiğini anlamadıkları, ödeme kolaylıkları nedeniyle gereksiz alışveriş yapabildikleri, bütçeleme yapamadıkları, yapısal sorunlarını çok pahalı bir finansman yöntemi olan kredi kartları ile çözmeye çalıştıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Özellikle bu tür kullanıcıları hedefleyen finansal eğitim programlarının, hem kişilerin refahının artırılmasına, hem de ekonomilerin daha istikrarlı hale getirilmesine katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Credit Card Problems, Financial Literacy and Financial Education

Using a nationwide survey conducted with randomly selected 2576 credit card holders, we investigate consumers' credit card practices. We try to understand whether some of these practices should be improved/corrected to be able to reduce credit card delinquency and default incidence. We observe that consumers obtain credit cards mainly for consumption smoothing purposes, that they mostly view credit card services and general banking services as a bundle, that they pay more attention to the nonprice attributes of their credit cards like bonus points, travel miles and prestige than the price attributes like interest rates and annual fees. Moreover, consumers, especially those who experienced delinquency and default problems, seem to have severe financial literacy problems. We observe that such consumers do not know the interest rates of credit cards, that they do not understand when and how to borrow on credit cards, that they can do unnecessary shopping due to payment facilities of credit cards, that they can not manage their budgets, and that they try to solve their structural problems with a very costly way of financing. We believe that financial education programs, especially targeting such consumers, are likely to improve both the welfare of individuals and the stability of economies.

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