Toprak sıkışması ve Tarımsal Açıdan önemi

Topraklardaki hacimsel değişim. ıslanma-kuruma gibi doğal olaylar sırasında ortaya çıkan iç kuvvetlerle veya toprak işleme ve yoğun makine kullanımı gibi mekaniksel dıştkuvvetlerle meydana gelmektedir. Toprak fiziksel koşullarının uygun olmaması; toprak suyu, havası, sıcaklığı ve çimlenme açısından olumsuz bir etki meydana getirmektedir. Bu etki, kök gelişimi ve sürgün çıkışına karşı mekanik bir engellemeye neden olmaktadır, Toprak ortamında mekanik 5ngellemeye neden olan en önemli faktör kabuk tabakası gibi toprak yüzeyinde ve pulluk tabanı gibi işleme derinliği altında ortaya çıkan toprak sıkışmağıdır. Tarım tekniklerinin bilinçsizce kullanılması, toprakların organik madde bakımından giderek yoksullaşması, strüktürel yapının ve agregasyonun bozularak yapısal degradasyona uğraması, toprak sıkışabilirliğini ve yüzeyde kabuk tabakası oluşumunu arttırmaktadır. Bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak toprakların üretkenlik potansiyelleri önemli ölçüde azalmaktadır.

Soil compaction and its importance for agriculture

Volumetric changes in soils occur either by inner forces (natural processes) such as wetting-drying or by outer forces (mechanical forces) including soil tillage and the use of heavy-machines. Improper soil physical properties affect soil water, air, temperature and seeding negatively, and also form mechanical resistance against root development and seed emergence. One of the most important factor causing mechanical resistance in soil is soil compaction due to crust formation in soil surface or haid-pan in bottom of tillage depth. Misuse of agricultural practices, low organic matter in soil, and soil structural degradation increase the risk of crusting and compaction, which result in low productivity in soils.

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