Elif Feyza TOPDAS, Muhammet DEMİRBAŞ, Memnune ŞENGÜL, İhsan Güngör ŞAT

Farklı Kurutma Tekniklerinin Smilax excelsa Genç Sürgünlerinin Antioksidan Aktivitesi ve Bazı Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Dünyada tropik ve ılıman bölgelerde yetişen Smilax cinsi, Smilacaceae familyasından tırmanıcı dallara sahip, dikenli gövdeli çok yıllık bitkilerdir. Smilax excelsa L., Türkiye'nin özellikle Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde beslenmede ve tıbbi özelliklerinden dolayı halk hekimliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada S. excelsa L.’nin yeşil ve kırmızımsı renge sahip olan genç sürgünleri kullanılmıştır. Bu iki grup, liyofilizatörde (5 mm-Hg basınç, -50°C, 20 sa), mikrodalga fırında (500 W, 5 dk), gölgede (25±2°C, 7 gün) ve kurutma fırınında (50°C, 4 sa) olmak üzere dört farklı yöntem ile kurutulmuştur. Taze ve kurutulmuş yeşil ve kırmızımsı sürgünlerin toplam fenolik madde miktarları, toplam monomerik antosiyanin miktarları ve antioksidan aktiviteleri ile nem ve renk değerleri belirlenmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite, DPPH serbest radikali giderme aktivitesi ve Fe3+ indirgeme kapasitesi (FRAP) yöntemleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Kurutulmuş sürgünlerin nem içerikleri %10.11- %19.09 aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Uygulanan tüm kurutma yöntemleri sürgünlerin L* değerlerini önemli düzeyde (p<0.05) artırmıştır. Kurutulmuş bitkilerin a* değerleri yeşil grupta -3.24 ile 7.75 aralığında, kırmızımsı grupta ise 7.17-11.65 aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Tüm gruplarda b* değerlerinin taze örneklerden yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). En düşük ΔE değerleri liyofilize edilmiş sürgünlerde tespit edilirken en yüksek değerler fırında kurutulanlarda saptanmıştır. Kurutulmuş örnekler arasında en yüksek toplam fenolik madde ve toplam monomerik antosiyanin miktarları liyofilize edilmiş kırmızımsı sürgünlerde sırasıyla 33.58 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri/g kuru ağırlık ve 0.46 mg siyanidin-3-glikozit/g kuru ağırlık olarak belirlenmiştir. Kurutulmuş örneklerin DPPH radikal giderme aktivitesi (IC50) ve Fe3+ indirgeme kapasitesi değerleri sırasıyla; 1.88- 3.65 mg/g kuru ağırlık ve 2.51-5.76 gallik asit eşdeğeri/g kuru ağırlık aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak tüm kurutma yöntemlerinin antioksidan aktiviteyi önemli düzeyde azalttığı saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Uygulanan kurutma yöntemleri arasında antioksidan aktivitenin en iyi korunduğu yöntemin liyofilize kurutma olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Smilax excelsa, Antioksidan aktivite, Toplam monomerik antosiyanin, Kurutma, Renk

The Effect of Different Drying Techniques on the Antioxidant Activity and Some Physicochemical Properties of Smilax excelsa Young Shoots

Smilax genus, which grows in tropical and temperate regions in the world, is a perennial plant with climbing branches and spiny stems from the Smilacaceae family. Smilax excelsa L. is widely used in the Black Sea region of Turkey for diet and folk medicine due to its medicinal properties. In this study, green and reddish young shoots of S. excelsa L. were used. These two groups were dried by four different drying methods including lyophilization (5 mm-Hg, -50°C, 20 h), microwave drying (500 W, 5 min), shade drying (25±2°C, 7 d), and drying in a drying oven (50°C, 4 h). Total phenolic contents, total monomeric anthocyanin contents, antioxidant activities, moisture contents, and color values of fresh and dried green and reddish shoots were determined. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and Fe3+ reducing capacity (FRAP) methods. The moisture content of the dried shoots varied between 10.11% and 19.09%. All applied drying methods increased L* values of the shoots significantly (p<0.05). a* values of the dried plants varied between -3.24 and -7.75 in the green group and between 7.17 and 11.65 in the reddish group. b* values were higher in all groups than fresh samples (p<0.05). While the lowest ΔE values were determined in lyophilized dried groups, the highest values were in oven-dried groups. Among the dried samples, the highest amounts of total phenolic substance and total monomeric anthocyanin were determined in the lyophilized dried red group as 33.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry weight and 0.46 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/ g dry weight, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (as IC50) and Fe3+ reduction capacity values of the dried samples were determined in the range of 1.88-3.65 mg/ g dry weight and 2.51-5.76 gallic acid equivalent/ g dry weight, respectively. In general, all drying methods were found to decrease antioxidant activity significantly (p<0.05). Among the applied drying methods, lyophilized drying was determined as the best antioxidant activity protective method.

Keywords:

Smilax excelsa, Antioxidant activity, Total monomeric anthocyanin, Drying, Color,

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