İneklerde Postpartum Dönemde Endometritisin Sınıflandırılması ve Tanımlanmasında Kullanılan Muayene Yöntemleri

Examination Methods for Characterization and Definition of Endometritis in Postpartum Period in Cows

Postpartum Period in Cows Abstract: Uterine infection and inflammation occur as a result of contamination by microorganisms under the influence of the negative pressure in normal or difficult labor or after delivery assistance initiative in cows.addition, uterine infections are seen depending on the problems in the early postpartum. For the diagnosisinfections in early postpartum period; several testing methods such as inspection, rectal examination, vaginal examination, hysteroscopy, ultrasonography, cytology, endometrial biopsy, bacteriology, polymerase chain reaction method, reagent test strips and examining blood values are used. In the presented review, the examination methods used in the classification and identification of infections in postpartum period in cows was reviewed. In of

PDF

___

KAYNAKLAR 1. Öcal H., 2010. Puerperal dönem ve sorunları. Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve İnfertilite, Yedinci Baskı, 213-230, Medisan, Ankara. 2. Noakes DE., 2001. The puerperium and the care of the newborn. In Arthurs Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 8th ed., 189-202, Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 3. Senger PL., 2003. The puerperium and lactation. In Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition, 2nd ed., 326-345, Current Conceptions, Pullman. 4. Sheldon IM., Lewis GS., LeBlanc S., Gilbert RO., 2006. Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology, 65, 1516-1530. 5. Kaya D., 2008. İneklerde kronik endometritis olgularında Lotagen ®, Eucacomp ® ve PGF2α uygulamalarının fertilite parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. 6. LeBlanc SJ., Duffield TF., Leslie KE., Bateman KG., Keefe GP., Walton JS., Johnson WH., 2002. Defining and diagnosing postpartum clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 2223-2236. 7. McDougall S., Hussein H., Aberdein D., Buckle K., Roche J., Burke C., Mitchell M., Meier S., 2011. Relationships between cytology, bacteriology and vaginal discharge scores and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 76, 229-240. 8. LeBlanc SJ., Duffield TF., Leslie KE., Bateman KG., Keefe GP., Walton JS., Johnson WH., 2002. The effect of treatment of clinical endometritis on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 2237-2249. 9. Gilbert RO., Shin ST., Guard CL., Erb HN., Frajbla, M., 2005. Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology, 64, 1879-1888. 10. Youngquist RS., Shore MD., 1997. Postpartum uterine infections. In Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, 2nd ed., 335-340, Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 11. LeBlanc SJ., 2008. Postpartum uterine disease and dairy herd reproductive performance: A review. Veterinary Journal, 176, 102-114. 12. Gorzecka J., Friggens NC., Ridder C., Callesen H., 2011. A universal index of uterine discharge symptoms from calving to 6 weeks postpartum. Reproduction Domestic Animals, 46, 100-107. 13. Madoz LV., De la Sota RL., Suzuki K., Heuwieser W., Drillich M., 2010. Use of hysteroscopy for the diagnosis of postpartum clinical endometritis in dairy cows. Veterinary Record, 167, 142-143. 14. Mateus L., Costa LL., Bernardo F., Silva JR., 2002. Influence puerperal of uterine involution and postpartum ovarian activity in dairy cows. Reproduction Domestic Animals, 37, 31-35. 15. Kasimanickam R., Duffield TF., Foster RA., Gartley CJ., Leslie KE., Walton JS., Johnson WH., 2004. Endometrial cytology and ultrasonography for the detection of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology, 62, 9-23. 16. Kasimanickam R., Duffield TF., Foster RA., Gartley CG., Leslie KE., Walton JS., Johnson WH., 2005. A comparison of the cytobrush and uterine lavage techniques to evaluate endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum dairy cows. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 46, 255-259. 17. Senosy W., Uchiza M., Tameoka N., Izaike Y., Osowa T., 2009. Association between evaluation of the reproductive tract by various diagnostic tests and restoration of ovarian cyclicity in high- producing dairy cows. Theriogenology, 72, 1153- 1162. 18. Bonnett BN., Martin SW., Gannon VPJ., Miller RB., Etherington WG., 1991. Endometrial biopsy in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows III. Bacteriological analysis and correlations with histological findings. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 55, 168-173. 19. Javed MT., Khan MZ., 1991. Bacteriological and bio-histopathological studies in repeat breeding cows. Journal of Islamic Academy Science, 4, 242- 244. 20. Baran ́ski W., Podhalicz-Dzie ̨gielewska M., Zdun ́czyk S., Janowski T., 2012. The diagnosis and prevalence of subclinical endometritis in cows evaluated by different cytologic thresolds. Theriogenology, 78, 1939-1947. 21. Foldi J., Kulcsάr M., Pѐcsi A., Huyghe B., Sa C., Lohuis JACM., Cox P., Huszenicza G., 2006. Bacterial complications of postpartum uterine involution in cattle. Animal Reproduction Science, 96, 265-281. 22. Muyzer G., Waal ECD., Uitterlinden AG., 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 695-700. 23. Nubel U., Engelen B., Felske A., Snaidr J., Wieshuber A., Amann, RI., Ludwing W., Backhouse H., 1996. Squence heterogeneities of genes encoding 16S rRNAs in Paenibacillus polymyxa detected by temprature gradient gel electrophoresis. Journal of Bacteriology, 178, 5636-5643. 24. Galvão KN., Santos NR., Galvão JS., Gilbert RO., 2011. Association between endometritis and endometrial cytokine expression in post partum Holstein cows. Theriogenology, 76, 290-299. 25. Gabler C., Drillich M., Fischer C., Holder C., Heuwieser W., Eispanier R., 2009. Endometrial expression of selected transcripts involved in prostaglandin synthesis in cows with endometritis. Theriogenology, 71, 993-1004. 26. Cheong SH., Nydam DV., Galvão KN., Crosier BM., Ricci A., Caixeta LS., Sper RB., Fraga M., Gilbert RO., 2012. Use of reagent test strips for diagnosis of endometritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 77, 858-864. 27. Couto GB., Vaillancourt DH., Lefebvre RC., 2013. Comparison of a leukocyte esterase test with endometrial cytology for diagnosis of subclinical endometritisin postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology, 79, 103-107. 28. Chan JPW., Chu CC., Fung HP., Chuang ST., Lin YC., Chu RM., Lee SL., 2004. Serum haptoglobin concentration in cattle. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 66, 43-46. 29. Kováč G., Tóthová C., Nagy O., Seidel H., Konvičná J., 2009. Acute phase proteins and their relation to energy metabolites in dairy cows during the pre- and postpartal period. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 78, 441-447. 30. Heidarpour M., Mohri M., H Fallah-Rad A., Dehghan Shahreza F., Mohammadi M., 2012. Acute-phase protein concentration and metabolic status affect the outcome of treatment in cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis. Veterinary Record, 171, 219. 31. Hirvonen J., Huszenicza G., Kulczάr M., Pyörälä S., 1999. Acute-phase response in dairy cows with acute postpartum metritis. Theriogenology, 51, 1071-1083. 32. Tóthová C., Nagy O., Seidel H., Konvičná J., Farkaová Z., Kováč G., 2008. Acute phase proteins and variables of protein metabolism in dairy cows during the pre- and postpartal period. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 77, 51-57. 33. Sattler T., Fürll M., 2004. Creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase in cows as indicators for endometritis. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 51, 132-137. 34. Kask K., Kurykin J., Lindjärv R., Kask A., Kindahl H., 2003. Assessment of early postpartum reproductive performance in two high producing Estonian dairy herds. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 44, 131-143. 35. Hammon DS., Evjen IM., Dhiman TR., Goff JP., Walters JL., 2006. Neutrophil function and energy status in Holstein cows with uterine health disorders. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 113, 21-29. 36. Giuliodori MJ., Magnasco RP., Becu-Villalobos D., Lacau-Mengido IM., Risco CA., de la Sota RL., 2013. Clinical endometritis in an Argentinean herd of dairy cows: Risc factors and reproductive efficiency. Journal of Dairy Science, 96, 210-218. 37. Kaufmann TB., Drillich M., Tenhagen BA., Heuwieser W., 2010. Correlations between periparturient serum concentrations of non- esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, bilirubin, and urea and the occurrence of clinical and subclinical postpartum bovine endometritis. BMC Veterinary Research, 6, 47. 38. Li DJ., Liu YF., Li YF., Lv Y., Pei XY., Guo DZ., 2010. Significance of nitric oxide concentration in plasma and uterine secrets with puerperal endometritis in dairy cows. Veterinary Research Communications, 34, 315-321. 39. Moraitis S., Taitzoglou IA., Tsantarliotou MP., Boscos CM., Kaldrimidou E., Saratsis Ph., 2004. Involvement of the plasminogen activation system in cow endometritis. Theriogenology, 61, 337-349.