Uluslararası Ticaret ve Yatırım Teorisi Olarak Eklektik Paradigma: Geçmişten Günümüze Bir Bakış

Uluslararası ticaret ve yatırım teorilerinden biri olan Dunning'in eklektik paradigması, çok uluslu işletmelerin uluslararası pazarlara giriş yolları seçim kararlarına yön vermektedir. Dunning, paradigmasını geliştirirken farklı teorilerden yararlanmış ve böylece hem geçmişi hem de geleceği kapsayan bir çalışma sunmuştur. Paradigma, temel olarak sahiplik, konum, içselleştirme adındaki OLI olarak da isimlendirilen üç üstünlükten bahseder. Sahiplik avantajından, rekabet üstünlükleri olarak söz edilirken, konum avantajları karşılaştırmalı üstünlük olarak ifade edilmektedir. İçselleştirme avantajları ise değer zinciri faaliyetlerini kontrol ile ilgilenir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, öncelikle Eklektik Paradigma ve üç üstünlüğüne; sonrasında uluslararası pazara giriş yolları ve OLI üstünlüklerinin ilişkisine yer verilmiştir. Sonrasında yönteme ve bulgular kısmında konu ile ilgili yapılan uygulamalı araştırmalara yer verilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise, ampirik çalışmalar temelinde bir yorum verilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Eclectic Paradigm As an International Trade and Investment Theory: A View From Past to Present

Eclectic paradigm, which is one of the international trade and investment theories, leads multinational enterprises' mode of entry decisions to new markets internationally. While developing his paradigm, Dunning has benefited from the previous theories and so that he presented a work that contains both the past and the future. Paradigm basically tells us three advantages such as ownership, location and internalization. Ownership (firm-specific) advantages are competitive advantages, location (countryspecific) advantages are comperative advantages. Internalization advantages deal with controlling value chain activities. In this study, firstly we examine eclectic paradigm and its three advantages. Secondly, we present the relationship between international market entry methods and OLI advantages. Afterwards we give the method section and the findings section which we present empirical research about the paradigm. In the conclusion section, we try to give a comment which is based on empirical research.

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