Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Teknikleri ve Değerlendirme Kriterlerinin İncelenmesi: 2017-2020

Günümüzde enerji ve enerji kaynaklarına olan ihtiyaç sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Enerji üretmek için genellikle kömür, doğalgaz, petrol gibi fosil kaynaklar kullanılmaktadır. Bu kaynaklar ekonomik ve çevresel pek çok olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Bu etkileri ortadan kaldırabilmek için rüzgar, güneş, biyokütle, hidroelektrik, jeotermal gibi Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının (YEK) kullanımı yaygınlaştırılmalıdır. Bunun için YEK alternatifleri değerlendirilmeli ve yatırımının uygun olacağı yerler belirlenmelidir. Değerlendirme süreci birden daha fazla alternatifi ve farklı değerlendirme kriterlerini aynı anda içermektedir. Bu tür problemlerin çözümünde kullanılan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (MCDM) teknikleri birden daha fazla kriterin etkisinde olan durumlarda uygulamada kullanılan popüler yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada YEK alternatifleri değerlendirilirken kullanılan MCDM teknikleri, değerlendirmede kullanılan kriterlerinin neler olduğu ve farklı değerlendirme kriterlerinin önem düzeyleri (ağırlıkları) belirlenirken kullanılan metotlar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm bu tekniklerin tercih edilme nedenleri de açıklanmıştır. Değerlendirme kriterlerini ağırlıklandırmak için AHP ve Entropy yöntemleri, alternatifleri sıralamak için TOPSIS, AHP ve COPRAS yöntemleri en yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Ekonomik kriterler içinde yatırım maliyeti, teknolojik kriterlerden verimlilik, çevresel kriterlerlerden çevresel etki, sosyal kriterlerden iş yaratma ve politik kriterlerden devlet desteği kriterleri en fazla kullanılan kriterlerdir. Bu çalışmadaki bulgular araştırmacılar için özellikle enerji planlaması çalışmaları için yararlı olacaktır.

Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques Used in Evaluation of Renewable Energy Resources and Analysis of Evaluation Criteria: 2017-2020

Today, the need for energy and energy resources is constantly increasing. Fossil sources such as coal, natural gas and oil are generally used to generate energy. These resources have many economic and environmental negative effects. To eliminate these effects, the use of Renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind, solar, biomass, hydroelectricity and geothermal should be expanded. For this, RES alternatives should be evaluated and the places where the investment would be appropriate should be determined. The evaluation process includes more than one alternative and different evaluation criteria at the same time. Multi Criteria Decision Makers (MCDM) techniques used in the solution of such problems are popular methods used in practice in situations that are influenced by more than one criterion. In this study, the MCDM techniques used when evaluating YEK alternatives, what are the criteria used in the evaluation, and the methods used when determining the significance levels (weights) of the different evaluation criteria are examined. In addition, the reasons for choosing these techniques are also explained. AHP and Entropy methods to weight evaluation criteria, TOPSIS, AHP and COPRAS methods to rank alternatives are the most commonly used methods. Among the economic criteria, investment cost, technological criteria efficiency, environmental criteria environmental impact, social criteria job creation and political criteria supporting government agency and political organization are the most used criteria. The findings in this study will be useful for researchers, especially for energy planning studies

Keywords:

Renewable Energy Resources Evaulation Renewable Energy Resources,

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