SPREZZATURA: MODA, MÜZİK VE RESİMDE SANATSALLIĞI GİZLEME SANATI

Baldassare Castiglione’nin 1528 tarihinde yazdığı Il Cortegiano isimli kitaba konu olan sprezzaturakavramı, dönemi ve sonrası için çığır açmış, estetik yaklaşımları derinden etkilemiş bir kavramdır. Bugünhala estetikte tartışılagelen; güzellik ve grazia gibi kavramları açıklamak için oldukça etkili bir araçtır.Başlangıçta, bir Rönesans aristokratının davranışları ve sahip olması gereken özelliklere yönelik kullanılanbir kelime olup; kavramsal kökleri Aristoteles ve Cicero’ya kadar dayandırılır. Antik Yunan’dan beritartışılagelen sanat eserinde ulaşılmak istenen grazia’ya ulaşmak için mutlak bir gereklilik, bir araç olarakda görülür. İnsan eliyle yapılan bütün sanatsal eylemlerde sprezzatura, ustalık noktasının da ötesi, en üstolgunluk noktasının bir ifadesi olarak görülür. Edebiyat, resim, heykel, görsel sanatların tümü, moda,mimari, konuşma sanatı ve müzikte sprezzatura alana özgü farklılıklar doğrultusunda sanatçının dikkatealması gereken bir prensiptir. Bu makalede sprezzatura, estetik tartışmalar ışığında anlam ve kapsamı ilebirlikte açıklanırken; özellikle moda, müzik ve resimde bu kavramın neyi ifade ettiği ortaya konulmayaçalışılmış, eğitim süreçlerine yönelik öneriler ortaya konulmuştur.

SPREZZATURA: THE ART OF CONCEALING ART IN FASHION, MUSIC AND PAINTING

Baltassare Castiglione’s famous book Il Cortegiano has been revolutionary and a great influence since it was published in 1528. The book included behavioral, stylistic and intellectual principles for an ideal Renaissance Courtier, it also influenced philosophical debates about Grace rooted back to Aristotle and Cicero. Sprezzatura has been plausible to explain otherwise much-debated concepts of beauty and grace. Grace has been a fundamental debate since Ancient Greek and sprezzatura is also seen as essential to achieve grace in style as well as in an artwork. It is the ultimate stage an artist can go beyond mastery. The meaning and interpretations may differ in various fields, however; it should be considered in all forms of arts including literature, painting, sculpture, all visual arts, fashion, architecture, rhetoric and music. In this article, the term sprezzatura is investigated within its etymology and the aesthetic debates since Ancient Greek. What it means in fashion, music and painting examined; and followed by educational strategies and implications focusing particularly on painting.

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Görsel 1. Tiziano, “Meryem ve Çocuk İsa”, 1515-1518, Panel Üzerine Yağlıboya, 86 cm x 130 cm, Museo Del Prado, Madrid, İspanya. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tiziano,_Madonna_and _Child_with_Sts_Dorothy_and_George.jpg, Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020.
Görsel 2. Raffaello, “Atina Okulu”, 1509-1511, Fresco, 500 cm x 770 cm, Apostolic Palace, Vatikan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_of_Athens#/media/File:%22The_School _of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg, Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020.
Görsel 3. Anthony Van Dyck, “Kral I. Charles Avda”, c.1635, Tuval Üzerine Yağlıboya, 76 cm x 105 cm, Louvre Müzesi, Paris, Fransa. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_at_the_Hunt#/ media/File:Charles_I_of_England.jpg, Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020.
Görsel 4. Michelangelo, Four Slaves (Dört Esir), c.1534, Mermer yontu, Accademia Gallery, Floransa, İtalya. http://www.accademia.org/explore-museum/halls/hall-prisoners/, Erişim tarihi: 08.09.2020.