Eski Mezopotamya’da Kadınların Diplomasideki Rolü Bağlamında Mari Kraliçesi Šibtu’nun Yazışmalarından Örnekler

M.Ö. II. binyıl başlarında Mezopotamya’da Amurru göçleriyle değişen siyasi dengeler, Amurrulu idareciler tarafından irili ufaklı birçok krallığın kurulmasıyla şekillenmeye başlamıştır. Bu krallıklar içerisinde Fırat Nehri kenarında kurulmuş olan Mari Krallığı Mezopotamya, Anadolu ve Suriye’nin kuzeyi arasında gerçekleşen ticaretin önemli bir istasyonunu oluşturmuştur. Mari’den ulaşılan kayıtlar bu ticari merkezin oldukça zengin bir saray ekonomisine sahip olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Oluşturulan bu saray ekonomisinin idaresinde Marili kraliçeler aktif bir rol üstlenmiş ve bu ekonomi özellikle saraydaki haremin önemli katkılarıyla desteklenmiştir. Mari Kralı Zimri-Lim döneminde Mari Kraliçesi olan Šibtu’nun sarayın ekonomik işleyişini de konu alan diplomatik ya da idari mektupları hem bir kraliçenin yetki alanlarının belirlenmesi, hem de harem endüstrisi ile desteklenen Mari saray ekonomisi hakkında bilgi sağlayan birincil kaynak niteliği taşımıştır. Bu çalışmada Kraliçe Šibtu’nun mektupları çerçevesinde, Mari sarayının yönetiminde kraliçenin görevleri ve kadın bakış açısıyla bu görevlerin yerine getirilişi üzerine genel hatlarıyla bir değerlendirme amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mari mektupları, Mari sarayı, Zimri-Lim, Harem

The Examples of Correspondences of Šibtu, the Queen of Mari, in the Context of the Role of the Women in Diplomacy in Ancient Mesopotamia

The political balances that changed with the migration of Amurru in the beginning of the millennium BC II in Mesopotamia have begun to be shaped by the establishment of many city states small and large by Amorite rulers. The city of Mari, which was founded on the banks of the Euphrates River constituted an important station of commerce between Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the north of Syria. Records from Mari revealed that the commercial center had a very rich palace economy. Mari's queen created this palace in the management of the economy has taken an active role in the economy and this is particularly supported by significant contributions harem of the palace. The diplomatic or administrative letters on the economic functioning of the palace by Šibtu, the Mari queen during the period of Mari king Zimri-Lim, provided a primary source of information about the queen's authority and the Mari palace economy supported by the harem industry. In this study, it is aimed to generally analyze in the context of the letters of the queen Šibtu focuses on the tasks of the queen in the management of Mari palace and the fulfillment of these duties from the point of view of women.

Keywords:

Mari Letters, Palace of Mari, Zimri-Lim, Harem,

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