YENİ BİR KÜRESEL TEHDİT: ZİKA VİRÜS İNFEKSİYONLARI

Zika virüs (ZİKV), Flaviviridae ailesi Flavivirus genusuna mensup bir arbovirüstür. İlk olarak Uganda'da 1947 yılında insan dışı primatlarda keşfedilmiştir. Genellikle başta Aedes aegypti ve Aedes albopictus olmak üzere Aedes türü sivrisineklerin ısırıklarıyla bulaşır. Sebep olduğu hastalık nonspesifik bulgularla seyreder, yakın ilişkili oldukları Dengue ve Chikugunya gibi virüs infeksiyonları ile benzerlik gösterebilir. İlk olarak Mayıs 2015'te Brezilya'da bildirildikten sonra hızla yayılması, mikrosefali ve çeşitli nörolojik bozukluklarla doğan bebek sayılarında anlamlı artışların saptanması nedeniyle dünya çapında dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Bu nedenle Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (World Health Organization, WHO) 1 Şubat 2016'da ZİKV'ü küresel çapta bir halk sağlığı acil durumu olarak ilan etmiştir. Bu derlemede ZİKV infeksiyonunun güncel epidemiyolojisinin, bulaş yollarının, klinik özelliklerinin, tanısında kullanılan yöntemlerin ve infeksiyondan korunma önlemlerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Novel Global Threat: Zika Virus Infections

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus in the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV was first discovered from a nonhuman primate in Uganda in 1947. It is usually transmitted via the bite of different species of Aedes mosquitoes particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The clinical presentation of disease is nonspecific and shows similarity with other close related viral diseases such as Dengue and Chikugunya. ZIKV has taken attention worldwide due to its rapid spread since it was reported in May 2015 in Brazil and significant increase in numbers of newborns with congenital anomalies such as microcephaly and neurological disorders. Thus the World Health Organization (WHO) declared ZIKV as a global public health emergency on 1st February 2016. In this review, it's aimed to describe current epidemiology, transmission routes, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and preventive measures of Zika virus infection.

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