AĞIZ SAĞLIĞININ YENİ TANIMI: AĞIZ MİKROBİYOMU

Ağız mikrobiyomu biyoçeşitliliğinin çözümü, sağlığı sürdürme ya da hastalığa neden olma mekanizmalarını öğrenmek için çok önemlidir. Mikrobiyom ve metagenom prof illerini benzeri görülmedik derinlikte saptayan yeni nesil sekanslama tek- nikleri ağız mikrobiyolojisinde devrim yaratmıştır. Ağız sağlığının derinlemesine tanımı/ mikrobiyomik hem ağız hem sistemik hastalıkların erken ya da geri dönüşebilir evrede f arkına varılması ve tanı konmasını sağlayacaktır.

The New Definition of Oral Health: Oral Microbiome

It is crucial to unravel the biodiversity of the oral microbiome to learn the mechanisms by which it maintains health or causes disease. The next-generation sequencing techniques allowed f or prof illing of the microbiomes and metagenomes at unprecedented depths have revolutionised the oral microbiology. The depth def inition of oral health/ microbiomic will allow the ability to recognize and diagnose both oral and systemic diseases at an earlier or reversible stage.

PDF

___

1. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity, J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(11):5721-32. http ://dx.doi.org/10.1128 /JCM.43.11.5721- 5732.2005 PMid:16272510 PMCid:PMC1287824
2. Ahn J, Chen CY, Hayes RB. Oral microbiome and oral and gastrointestinal cancer risk, Cancer Causes Control 2012;23(3):399-404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9892-7 PMid:22271008
3. Ahn J, Yang L, Paster BJ et al. Oral microbiome profiles: 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and microarray assay comparison, PLoS One 2011;6(7):e22788-e95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022788
4. Baquero F, Nombela C. The microbiome as a human organ, Clin Microbiol Inf ect 2012;18(Suppl 4):2-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03916.x PMid:22647038
5. Bik EM, Long CD, Armitage GC et al. Bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of ten healthy individuals, ISMEJ 2010;4(8):962-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.30
6. Chen T, Dewhirst FE, Izard J et al. The Human Oral Microbiome Database, http://www.HOMD. org. (güncelleme tarihi 2013-05-30).
7. Crielaard W, Zaura E, Schuller AA, Huse SM, Montijin RC, Keijser BJ. Exploring the oral micro-biota of children at various developmental stages of their dentition in the relation to their oral health, BMC Medical Genomics 2011;4:22 (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1755-8794/4/22) http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-4-22 PMid:21371338 PMCid:PMC3058002
8. Dethlefsen L, Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Relman DA. Assembly of the human intestinal microbiota, Trends Ecol Evol 2006;21(9):517-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.06.013 PMid:16820245
9. Dewhirst FE, Chen T, Izard J et al. The human oral microbiome, J Bacteriol 2010;192(19):5002-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00542-10 PMid:20656903 PMCid:PMC2944498
10. Diaz PI, Dupuy AK, Abusleme L et al. Using high throughput sequencing to explore the biodiversity in oral bacterial communities, Mol Oral Microbiol 2012;27(3):182-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00642.x PMid:22520388
11. Griffen AL, Beall CJ, Firestone ND et al. CORE: a phylogenetically-curated 16S rDNA database of the core oral microbiome, PLoS One 2011;6(4):e19051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019051 PMid:21544197 PMCid:PMC3081323
12. Jenkinson HF. Beyond the oral microbiome, Environ Microbiol 2011;13(12):3077-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02573.x PMid:21906224
13. Kanasi E, Dewhirst FE, Chalmers NI et al. Clonal analysis of the microbiota of severe early childhood caries, Caries Res 2010;44(5):485-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000320158 PMid:20861633 PMCid:PMC2975730
14. Keijser BJ, Zaura E, Huse SM et al. Pyrosequencing analysis of the oral microflora of healthy adults, J Dent Res 2008;87(11):1016-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808701104 PMid:18946007
15. Koren O, Spor A, Felin J, Fak F et al. Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108(Suppl 1):4592-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011383107 PMid:20937873 PMCid:PMC3063583
16. Külekçi G. Sindemi nedir? Kronik inflamatuvar hastalıklara yeni yaklaşım, ANKEM Derg 2012;26(Ek 2):374-9.
17. Lazarevic V, Whiteson K, Hernandez D, Francois P, Schrenzel J. Study of inter- and intra-individual variations in the salivary microbiota, BMC Genomics 2010;11:523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-523 PMid:20920195 PMCid:PMC2997015
18. Lederberg J, McCray A. "Ome sweet" omics - a genealogical treasury of words, Scientist 2001;15:8- 10.
19. Paster BJ, Olsen I, Aas JA, Dewhirst FE. The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites, Periodontol 2000, 2006;42:80-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00174.x PMid:16930307
20. Rajendhran J, Gunasekaran P. Human, microbiomics, Indian J Microbiol 2010;50:109-12
21. Santos AL, Siqueira JF Jr, Roças IN, Jesus EC, Rosado AS, Tiedje JM. Comparing the bacterial diversity of acute and chronic dental root canal ınfections, PLoS ONE 2011;6(11):e28088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028088
22. Savage DC. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract, Annu Rev Microbiol 1977;31:107-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.31.100177. 000543 PMid:334036
23. Siqueira JF Jr., Fouad AF, Roças IN. Pyrosequencing as a tool for better understanding of human microbiomes, J Oral Microbiol 2012;4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v4i0.10743
24. Sonnenburg JL, Fischbach MA. Community health care: therapeutic opportunities in the human mic- robiome, Sci Transl Med 2011;3:1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3001626 PMid:21490274 PMCid:PMC3287364
25. Stahringer SS, Clemente JC, Corley RP et al. Nurture trumps nature in a longitudinal survey of salivary bacterial communities in twins from early adolescence to early adulthood, Genome Res 2012;22(11):2146-52. doi:10.1101/gr.140608.112.Epub 2012 Oct12.
26. The Human Microbiome Project Consortium. A framework for human microbiome research, Nature 2012;486(7402):215-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11209 PMid:22699610 PMCid:PMC3377744
27. The NIH HMP Working Group, Peterson J, Garges S et al. The NIH Human Microbiome Project, Genome Res 2009;19(12):2317-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.096651.109 PMid:19819907 PMCid:PMC2792171
28. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI. The Human Microbiome Project, Nature 2007;449(7164):804-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06244
29. Wade WG. The oral microbiome in health and disease, Pharmacol Res 2013;69(1):137-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.006 PMid:23201354
30. Zarco MF, Vess TJ, Ginsburg GS. The oral microbiome in health and disease and the potential impact on personalized dental medicine, Oral Disease 2012;18(2):109-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01851.x PMid:21902769
31. Zaura E, Keijser BJ, Huse SM, Crielaard W. Defining the healthy "core microbiome" of oral microbial communities, BMC Microbiol 2009;9:259. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-9-259