Toksoplazmoz Tanısı

Toksoplazmoz, Apikompleksan bir protozoon olan Toxoplasma gondii’nin etken olduğu bir paraziter hastalıktır. İmmunkompetan kişilerde çoğunlukla asemptomatik, kendini sınırlayan nezle benzeri bir tablo veya lokal lenfadenopati ile seyrederken; immun yetmezliği olanlarda ve enfekte fetus veya yenidoğanlarda ölümle sonuçlanabilen ağır tablolara yol açabilmektedir. Histolojik tanı veya organizmanın izolasyonu zor ve zaman alıcı olduğu için, tanıda esas olarak serolojik tanı yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, toksoplazmoz tanısında değişik hasta gruplarında kullanılabilecek antikor tipleri ve serolojik yöntemler gözden geçirilmiştir. Özellikle toksoplazmoz tanısının önemli ama zor olduğu gebeler ve yeni doğanlarda öne çıkan bazı yeni ve geliştirilmiş tanı yöntemlerinden bahsedilmiş ve serolojik testlerin yorumlanmasında karşılaşılabilecek sorunlar özetlenmiştir.

Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the Apicomplexan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis is generally asymptomatic or characterized either with regional lymphadenopathy or a fl u-like illness in immunocompetant patients. On the other hand , it can have deleterious effects with fetal consequences on fetuses, newborns and immunocompromised patients. As histological diagnosis and isolation from tissues is labor-intensive, time-consuming and less sensitive than indirect diagnostic methods, serology became the main diagnostic choice in toxoplasmosis. Antibody types and diff erent serological methods which are suitable for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in diff erent patient groups were reviewed. Some new and improved immunological techniques used for the detection of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and newborns were summarized and the problems due to the diff iculty of interpretation of serological results were discussed.

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