Ticari Liberalizasyon ve Gelir Dağılımı: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Analiz

Bu çalışmada, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ticari liberalizasyon ile gelir dağılımı arasındaki ilişkiler inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Geleneksel Heckscher-Ohlin modelinden hareketle geliştirilen Stolper-Samuelson gelir dağılımı teoremine göre, ticari liberalizasyon ile birlikte artan dış ticaret hacmi, ülkelerin bol olarak sahip olduğu faktörün geliri artırmakta, dolayısıyla gelir dağılımı üzerinde olumlu sonuçlar yaratmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, gelir dağılımı üzerine ticaret liberalizasyonunun etkilerini inceleyen birçok uygulamalı çalışmada, teorik temelle örtüşmeyen farklı sonuçlar da elde edilmiştir. Uygulamalı araştırma bulgularındaki bu çeşitliliğin temelinde, genelde ele alman dönem, ülke, ekonometrik yöntem ve değişkenlerdeki farklılıklarından kaynaklandığı ileri sürülebilir. Bu çalışmada da, gelir dağılımının ölçütü olarak gelişmekte olan ülkelere ait Gini katsayıları ile ticari liberalizasyonun doğrudan bir ölçütü olarak ithalat ve ihracat değerlerinin GSYİH içersindeki paylan kullanılmıştır. 1975-2002 dönemi verilerinin ortalamalarına dayanan yatay kesit regresyon analizi sonuçlarının Stolper-Samuelson gelir dağılımı hipotezini desteklediği gözlenmiştir.

Trade Liberalization and Income Distribution: An Analysis on Developing Countries

This study has examined the relationships between trade liberalization and income distribution in developing countries. According to Stolper-Samuelson's income distribution theorem that is based on traditional Heckscher-Ohlin model, increasing foreign trade with trade liberalization leads to an increase in the income of the abundant factor, which creates positive effects on income distribution. However, in many studies examining the effects of trade liberalization on income distribution have been also found different results contrary to theoretical expectations. The variation in findings is claimed to be emerged from, in general, the difference between the periods, and facilities of countries that are under question and the econometrical methods, and variables used. In this study, Gini coefficients of developing countries as a scale of income distribution and shares of export and import in GDP as a direct scale of trade liberalization have been used. The results of cross section regression analyses based on the averages of the data belong to the period of 1975-2002 support the Stolper-Samuelson's income distribution hypothesis.

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