Türkiye ve Avrupa Ülkelerinde Çocuk Yoksulluğunun Belirleyicileri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Toplumların kalkınmasında en önemli rolü üstlenecek olan çocukları ve onların yetersiz eğitim ve gelir eşitsizliği kaynaklı sorunlarını dile getirmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, Türkiye ve Avrupa ülkelerinde çocuk yoksulluğu karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çocuk yoksulluğu; çocukların, yaşamlarının ileriki seviyelerinde, topluma tam ve eşit bireyler olarak katılmalarını zorlaştıran, çok boyutlu yoksunluklar kümesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Yetişkin yoksulluğundan farklılaşan çocuk yoksulluğuna dair genel kabul görmüş bir tanım ve ölçüm yöntemi araştırmacılar yanında politika yapıcılar için sağlam yoksulluk azaltma hedeflerini ve stratejilerini geliştirme ve izleme imkânı da sunar. Bu çerçeve de hazırlanan çalışma da gerek sosyal transferler öncesi gerekse de sosyal transferler sonrası Türkiye’nin, Avrupa bölgesinde çocuk yoksulluğu oranlarının en yüksek olduğu ilk 3 ülke arasında yer aldığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca çocuklardaki yoksulluk oranının, yetişkin yoksulluğu ve genel yoksulluk seviyeleriyle karşılaştırıldığında da belirgin bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çocuk yoksulluğuna dair birincil dağılımdaki problemlerin, ikincil dağılım neticesinde hala çözülememiş olması bu konudaki politikaların sınırlılığına ve önemli bir temsiliyet sorununa işaret etmektedir. Karşılaştırmalı grafiklerden ve analizlerden çıkan sonuçlara göre çocuk yoksulluğuna dair yapılan çalışmalar ve tartışmalarla benzer olarak; çocuk yoksulluğuyla mücadelede özellikle eğitim sektörüne ve iş gücü piyasasına dönük politika ve düzenlemelere odaklanılmasının, çocuklardaki yoksulluk sorunun azaltılması noktasındaki en önemli adımlar olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.

A Comparative Study on Determinants of Child Poverty in Turkey and European Countries

In this study, which aims to express the children who will play the most important role in the development of societies and their inequality problems; child poverty in Turkey and European countries are discussed comparatively. Child poverty; It can be defined as a multidimensional set of deprivations that make it difficult for children to participate in society as full and equal individuals later in their lives. A generally accepted definition and measurement method of child poverty, which differs from adult poverty, offers researchers as well as the opportunity to develop and monitor sound poverty reduction targets and strategies for policy makers. In this study, both before and after social transfers social transfers in Turkey, the child poverty rate in the European is seen as among the top three countries with the highest. It has also been observed that the poverty rate in children is significantly higher compared to adult poverty and general poverty levels. Problems in primary distribution regarding child poverty could not be solved as a result of secondary distribution. This situation points to the limitation of policies and an important representation problem. It has also been observed that the poverty rate in children is significantly higher compared to adult poverty and general poverty levels. According to the results from comparative charts and analyzes, similar to the studies and discussions on child poverty; It is possible to say that focusing on policies and regulations regarding the education sector and the labor market are the most important steps in combating child poverty.

Keywords:

Child Poverty, Education, Household Income Public Social Programs, Social Protection Expenditures,

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