Songül KARAKAYA, Mehmet KOCA, Fatma YEŞİLYURT, Ahmet HACIMÜFTÜOĞLU

TÜRKİYE'DE YETİŞEN JUGLANS REGIA L.’NIN ANTİOKSİDAN VE ANTİKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ

Amaç: Dünyanın yaşlanan nüfusu, Alzheimer hastalığının yüksek oranda prevalansı ile birlikte yaşlanmaya devam etmekte ve bilimi, profilakside kullanılabilecek bitkileri veya biyolojik bileşikleri bulmaya teşvik etmektedir. Juglans regia L. basit tarımsal bir ürün değildir, meyvelerinin, yapraklarının, kabuklarının, gövdelerinin, perikarplarının ve çiçeklerinin farklı tıbbi kullanım alanları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, J. regia'nın yapraklarının liyofilize sulu ekstrelerinin antikolinesteraz ve antioksidan kapasitelerini inceledik. Gereç ve Yöntem: Fenolik içerik ve antioksidan aktivite Folin-Ciocalteu, kalitatif/kantitatif DPPH ve TBA yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. Antikolinesteraz aktivite ise Ellman metodu ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Total fenolik içerik 478.32 mg/g olarak bulunmuştur. Örnekler DPPH (123.66 μg/mL) ve TBA (209.23 μg/mL) testleri ile antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. Ayrıca, ceviz ekstresi, sırasıyla asetilkolinesteraz (%40.09) ve butirilkolinesteraz (%56.23) enzimlerine karşı önemli ölçüde inhibisyon göstermiştir. Bu veriler, J. regia'nın, antioksidan ve antikolinesteraz aktivitesi alan farmasötik ürünler için bir potansiyel olarak kullanabileceğini önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antioksidan, Antikolinesteraz, Juglans regia, Juglandaceae

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITIES OF JUGLANS REGIA L. GROWING IN TURKEY

Objective: World's ageing population continues to grow older together with high percentage prevalence of Alzheimer's disease encourage science to find herbs or biologic compounds which can be utilized for it prophylaxis. Juglans regia L. is not simply an agricultural product, its fruits, leaves, barks, stems, pericarps, and flowers are all utilized for diversified medicinal usages. In the present investigation, we examined the anticholinesterase and antioxidant capacities of the lyophilized aqueous extracts of leaves from J. regia. Material and Method: Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu's, qualitative/quantitative DPPH and TBA methods. Anticholinesterase activity was assessed by Ellman’s method. Result and Discussion: The total phenolic content was found 478.32 mg/g. The extract indicated antioxidant activity with DPPH test (IC50: 123.66 μg/mL) and TBA assay (IC50: 209.23 μg/mL). Moreover, the extract of J. regia indicated remarkable inhibition towards acetylcholinesterase (40.09%) and butyrylcholinesyterase (56.23%) enzymes. These data propose that J. regia can be utilised a potency for pharmaceutical products which get antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity.

Keywords:

Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Juglans regia, Juglandaceae,

PDF

___

1. Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2018, 14, 367–429.
2. Karch, S.; Broichhagen, J.; Schneider, J.; Böning, D.; Hartmann, S.; Schmid, B.; Tripa, P.; Palmisano, R.; Alzheimer, C.; Johnsson, K.; Huth, T. A new fluorogenic small-molecule labeling tool for surface diffusion analysis and advanced fluorescence imaging of β‑site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 based on silicone rhodamine: SiR-BACE1. J Med Chem 2018, 61, 6121–6139.
3. Ustun, O.; Senol, F.S.; Kurkcuoglu, M.; Orhan, I.E.; Kartal, M.; Baser, K.H.C. Investigation on chemical composition, anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of extracts and essential oils of Turkish Pinus species and pycnogenol. Industrial Crops and Products 2012, 38, 115–123.
4. Ferreira, A.; Proenc, C.; Serralheiro, M.L.M.; Araujo, M.E.M. The in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Portugal. J Ethnopharmacol 2006, 108, 3–37.
5. Luz, D.A.; Pinheiro, A.M.; Silva, M.L.; Monteiroa, M.C.; Prediger, R.D.; Maiaa, C.S.F.; Andrad, E; Júniora, F. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and neuropharmacological effects of Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae): A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2016, 185, 182–201.
6. Perry, E.K.; Pickering, A.T.; Wang, W.W.; Houghton, P; Perry, N.L. Medicinal Plants and Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating Ethnobotanical and Contemporary Scientific Evidence. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 1998, 4, 419–428.
7. Sharafati-Chaleshtori, R.; Sharafati-Chaleshtori F.; Rafieian, M. Biological characterization of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia) leaves. Turk J Biol 2011, 35, 635–639.
8. Zhang, Z.; Liao, L.; Moore, J.; Wua, T.; Wang, Z. Antioxidant phenolic compounds from walnut kernels (Juglans regia L.). Food Chemistry 2009, 113(1), 160–165.
9. Carvalho, M.; Ferreira, P.J.; Mendes, V.S.; Silva, R.; Pereira, J.A.; Jerónimo, C.; Silva, B.M. Human cancer cell antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Juglans regia L. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010, 48(1), 441–447.
10. Karakaya, S; Koca, M; Kilic, C.S.; Coskun, M. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Ferulago syriaca Boiss. and F. isaurica Peșmen growing in Turkey. Med Chem Res 2018, 27, 1843–1850.
11. Ellman, G.L.; Courtney, K.D.; Andresjr, V.; Featherstone, R.M. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 1961, 7, 88–95.
12. Yerdelen, K.Ö.; Tosun, A. Synthesis, docking and biological evaluation of oxamide and fumaramide analogs as potential AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2015, 24, 588–602.
13. Pereira, J.A.; Oliveira, I; Sousa, A.; Valentao, P.; Andrade, P.B.; Ferreira, I.C.F.R.; Ferreres, F.; Bento, A.; Seabra, R.; Estevinho, L. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves: Phenolic compounds, antibacterial activity and antioxidant potential of different cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2007, 45, 2287–2295.
14. Almeida, I.F.; Fernandes, E.; Lima, J.L.F.C.; Costa, P.C.; Bahia, M.F. Walnut (Juglans regia) leaf extracts are strong scavengers of pro-oxidant reactive species. Food Chemistry 2008, 106, 1014–1020.
15. Amaral, J.S.; Seabra, R.M.; Andrade, P.B.; Valentao, P.; Pereira, J.A.; Ferreres, F. Phenolic profile in the quality control of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves. Food Chemistry 2004, 88, 373–379.
16. Santos, A.; Barros, L.; Calhelhaa, R.C.; Duenas, M.; Carvalho, A.M.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Ferreira, I.C.F.R. Leaves and decoction of Juglans regia L.: Different performances regarding bioactive compounds and in vitro antioxidant and antitumor effects. Industrial Crops and Products 2013, 51, 430–436.
17. Sytar, O.; Bruckova, K.; Hunkova, E.; Zivcak, M.; Kiessoun, K.; Brestic, M. The application of Muliplex flourimetric sensor for analysis flavonoids content in the medical herbs family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae. Biological research 2015, 48(5):DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-48-5.
18. Granato, D.; Shahidi, F.; Wrolstad, R.; Kilmartin, P.; Melton, L.D.; Hidalgo, F.J.; Miyashita, K.; Camp, J.; Alasalvar, C.; Ismail, A.B.; Elmore, S.; Birch, G.G.; Charalampopoulos, D.; Astley, S.B.; Pegg, R.; Zhou, P.; Finglas, P. Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids contents: Should we ban in vitro screening methods?. Food Chem 2018, 264, 471–475.