HELICOBACTER PYLORI’NİN NEDEN OLDUĞU EPİGENETİK VE GENETİK DEĞİŞİKLİKLER VE GASTRİK KARSİNOJENEZ GELİŞİMİNDE ROLLERİ

Amaç: Helicobacter pylori mide mukozasında kolonize olan bir bakteridir ve dünya genelinde en yaygın infeksiyon hastalıklarından birisidir. Helicobacter pylori’nin gastrik kanser ve mukoza-assosiye lenfoid doku (MALT) lenfomaya neden olduğuna dair bulgular vardır. Bu bakterinin gastrik karsinojenez gelişimindeki etki mekanizmaları ile ilgili pek çok çalışma yapılmış olup, hem epigenetik hem de genetik mekanizmaların bu süreçte etkili olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemede, Helicobacter pylori’nin neden olduğu gastrik karsinojenez sürecindeki epigenetik ve genetik mekanizmalar değerlendirilecektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Helicobacter pylori’nin neden olduğu epigenetik ve genetik değişiklikler ve gastrik karsinojenez gelişimindeki rolünün tespiti için yapılan çalışmaların kapsamlı olarak derlenebilmesi için başta PUBMED olmak üzere sağlık bilimleri alanındaki veri tabanları kullanılmış ve özellikle de son on yılda bu konuda yayınlanan makalelerden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Helicobacter pylori’nin neden olduğu karsinojenezin gelişiminde kronik inflamasyonun yol açtığı oksidatif stres, bakteriyel virülans faktörleri, konakçıya bağlı intrinsik ve ekstrinsik faktörlerin bir bütün olarak tetiklediği epigenetik ve genetik mekanizmalar rol oynamaktadır. Ancak, bu Helicobacter pylori’nin yol açtığı tüm epigenetik ve genetik değişiklikler henüz tam olarak anlaşılmamış olup, daha fazla in vivo ve in vitro mekanistik çalışmaya gereksinim duyulmaktadır.

EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND THEIR ROLES IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS

Objective: Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria which colonizes in the gastric mucosa and it is one of the major infectious diseases throughout the world. There are findings pointing out that Helicobacter pylori can cause gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. There are several studies on the mechanism of action of this bacterium and it is indicated that both epigenetic and genetic mechanisms are effective in this process. In this review, we will evaluate epigenetic and genetic mechanisms caused by Helicobacter pylori through gastric carcinogenesis development. Material and Method: In order to review the epigenetic and genetic mechanisms caused by Helicobacter pylori and their roles in gastric carcinogenesis development comprehensively, the health sciences databases including PUBMED were used and particularly the scientific papers on thse sbject published in the last ten years were used. Result and Discussion: The epigenetic and genetic mechanisms caused by chronic inflammation (like oxidative stress, bacterial virulance factors, intrinsic and extrinsic fators) may trigger the gastric carcinogenesis development by Helicobacter pylori as a whole. However, all of the epigenetic and genetic alterations caused by Helicobacter pylori are not yet fully understood and more in vivo ve in vitro mechanistic studies are needed.

Keywords:

epigenetic mechanisms, DNA damage gastric carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori,

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