___

• 1. Lim, D.W., Kim, J.G., Han, D., Kim Y.T. (2014). Analgesic effect of Harpagophytum procumbens on postoperative and neuropathic pain in rats. Molecules, 19(1), 1060-1068.
• 2. Serrano, A., Ros, G., Nieto, G. (2018). Bioactive compounds and extracts from traditional herbs and their potential anti-inflammatory health effects. Medicines, 5(3), 76.
• 3. Sanders, M., Grundmann, O. (2011). The use of glucosamine, devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens), and acupuncture as complementary and alternative treatments for osteoarthritis. Alternative Medicine Review, 16(3), 228.
• 4. Gümüş, K., Ünsal, A. (2014). Osteoartritli bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Türk Osteoporoz Dergisi, 20(3), 117-124.
• 5. Altindağ, Ö., Sırmatel, Ö., Tabur, H. (2006). Diz osteoartriti olan hastalarda Demografik özellikler ve klinik parametrelerle ilişkisi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 62-66.
• 6. Moura, M.D.G., Lopes, L.C., Biavatti, M.W., Busse, J.W., Wang, L., Kennedy, S.A., Bhatnaga, N., Bergamaschi, C. (2016). Brazilian oral herbal medication for osteoarthritis: A systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 5(1), 86.
• 7. Mncwangi, N., Chen, W., Vermaak, I., Viljoen, A.M., Gericke, N. (2012). Devil's Claw- A review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity of Harpagophytum procumbens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(3), 755-771.
• 8. Stewart, K.M., Cole, D. (2005). The commercial harvest of devil's claw (Harpagophytum spp.) in southern Africa: The devil's in the details. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(3), 225-236.
• 9. Street, R.A., Prinsloo, G. (2012). Commercially important medicinal plants of South Africa: A review. Plant Production. Medicinal plants of South Africa. Journal of Chemistry, 2013, Article ID 205048, 16 pages.
• 10. Foundational Medicine Review site. Retrieved March 26, 2019, from https://www.foundationalmedicinereview.com/blog/resource/harpagophytum-procumbens-devils-claw/
• 11. Kriukova, A.I., Vladymyrova, I.M., Gubar, S.M., Kotov, A.G., Kotova, E.E. (2018). Question introduction to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine monograph «Devil’s claw root». Upravlìnnâ, Ekonomìka ta Zabezpečennâ Akostì v Farmacìï, 1(53), 6-12.
• 12. Williamson, E., Driver, S., Baxter, K. (2009). Stockley's herbal medicines interactions, Pharmaceutical Press, London, p. 165.
• 13. Raimondo, D., Newton, D., Fell, C., Donaldson, J.S., Dickson, B. (2005). Devil’s claw, Harpagophytum spp. in South Africa: Conservation and livelihoods issues. Traffic Bulletin, 20(3), 98-112.
• 14. Anauate, M.C., Torres, L.M., de Mello, S.B.V. (2010). Effect of isolated fractions of Harpagophytum procumbens DC (Devil's claw) on COX‐1, COX‐2 activity and nitric oxide production on whole-blood assay. Phytotherapy Research, 24(9), 1365-1369.
• 15. Chrubasik, S. (2004). Addendum to the ESCOP monograph on Harpagophytum procumbens. Phytomedicine, 11(7-8),691-695.
• 16. European Medicines Agency site. (1995). Retrieved March 26, 2019, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-harpagophytum-procumbens-dc/harpagophytum-zeyheri-decne-radix_en.pdf
• 17. Mahomed, I.M., Ojewole, J.A. (2004). Analgesic, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens DC (Pedaliaceae) secondary root aqueous extract. Phytotherapy Research, 18(12), 982-989.
• 18. Grant, L., McBean, D.E., Fyfe, L., Warnock, A.M. (2007). A review of the biological and potential therapeutic actions of Harpagophytum procumbens. Phytotherapy Research, 21(3), 199-209.
• 19. Menghini, L., Recinella, L., Leone, S., Chiavaroli, A., Cicala, C., Brunetti, L., Viladimir, S., Orlando, G., Ferrante, C. (2019). Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) and chronic inflammatory diseases: A concise overview on preclinical and clinical data. Phytotherapy Research, 33(9), 2152-2162.
• 20. McGregor, G., Fiebich, B., Wartenberg, A., Brien, S., Lewith, G., Wegener, T. (2005). Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens): An anti-inflammatory herb with therapeutic potential. Phytochemistry Reviews, 4(1), 47-53.
• 21. Ahmed, M.I., Afifi, M.I., Younos, I.H. (2005). Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil's Claw): A possible natural anti-inflammatory agent (An experimental study). Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4(1), 54-63.
• 22. Parenti, C., Aricò, G., Chiechio, S., Di Benedetto, G., Parenti, R., Scoto, G. (2015). Involvement of the heme-oxygenase pathway in the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activity of Harpagophytum procumbens in rats. Molecules, 20(9), 16758-16769.
• 23. Parenti, C., Aricò, G., Pennisi, M., Venditti, A., Scoto, G.M. (2016). Harpagophytum procumbens extract potentiates morphine antinociception in neuropathic rats. Natural Product Research, 30(11), 1248-1255.
• 24. Huang, T.H.W., Tran, V.H., Duke, R.K., Tan, S., Chrubasik, S., Roufogalis, B.D., Duke, C.C. (2006). Harpagoside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibition of NF-kappa B activation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 104(1-2), 149-155.
• 25. Kaszkin, M., Beck, K.F., Koch, E., Erdelmeier, C., Kusch, S., Pfeilschifter, J., Loew, D. (2004). Downregulation of iNOS expression in rat mesangial cells by special extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens derives from harpagoside-dependent and independent effects. Phytomedicine, 11(7-8), 585-595.
• 26. Chrubasik, J.E., Lindhorst, E., Neumann, E., Gerlach, U., Faller-Marquardt, M., Torda, T., Müller-Ladner, U., Chrubasik, S. (2006). Potential molecular basis of the chondroprotective effect of Harpagophytum procumbens. Phytomedicine, 13(8), 598-600.
• 27. Chantre, P., Cappelaere, A., Leblan, D., Guedon, D., Vandermander, J., Fournie, B. (2000). Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum procumbens versus diacerein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine, 7(3), 177-183.
• 28. Chrubasik, S., Thanner, J., Künzel, O., Conradt, C., Black, A., Pollak, S. (2002). Comparison of outcome measures during treatment with the proprietary Harpagophytum extract Doloteffin® in patients with pain in the lower back, knee or hip. Phytomedicine, 9(3), 181-194.
• 29. Haseeb, A., Ansari, M.Y., Haqqi, T.M. (2017). Harpagoside suppresses IL‐6 expression in primary human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 35(2), 311-320.
• 30. Brien, S., Lewith, G.T., McGregor, G. (2006). Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) as a treatment for osteoarthritis: a review of efficacy and safety. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12(10), 981-993.
• 31. Brendler, T., Gruenwald, J., Ulbricht, C., Basch, E. (2006). Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC) an evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 6(1), 89-126.