Örgüt Yapısının Örgütsel Politika ve İşlem Adaleti Üzerine Etkisinin Yapısal Denklem Modellemesi Yardımıyla Analizi

Örgütsel politika kavramı örgüt içerisindeki birey ve grupların politik davranışlarını açıklamaya çalışır. Buna karşılık işlem adaleti dağıtım kararlarında kullanılan süreçlerin adillik derecesidir. Biçimselleşme ve merkezileşme (kararlara katılım ve yetki kademesi) gibi örgüt yapısına ilişkin unsurların örgütsel politikanın oluşumunda ve işlem adaletine ilişkin algılamalar üzerinde etkisi olduğu yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu çalışmada örgütün yapısal faktörlerinin örgütsel politika ve işlem adaletine yönelik yöneticilerin tutumları üzerindeki etkisi yapısal denklem modellemesi yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada web tabanlı anket yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bursa bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ niteliğindeki ihracat işletmelerinde çalışan 86 yönetici ve işletme sahibi araştırmaya katılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde biçimselleşmenin işlem adaleti ile pozitif yönde örgütsel politika ile negatif yönde ilişkisi olduğu, yetki kademesinin işlem adaleti ile negatif yönde örgütsel politika ile pozitif yönde bir ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, kararlara katılım ile işlem adaleti ve örgütsel politika arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmamıştır.

Analysing Effect of Organizational Structure on Orgnizational Politics and Procedural Justice with Structural Equation Modelling

Organizational politics concept tries to explain individual’s and group’s politics behaviors in organizations. On the contrary procedural justice describes the fairness of procedures used in the allocation process. It is true that the factors related organizational structure like formalization and centralization (participation in decision making and authority hierarchy) have an effect on perceptions of organizational politics and precedural justice. In this manner, this study examined the effect of managers’ perceptions about organizational structure factors on their organizational politics and procedural justice attitudes. Structural equation modelling was used for this analysis. Web based questionarie was used for this study. 86 managers and employers work in SMSS of export businesses replied the questionarie. According to results formalization were positively related to procedural justice but negative related to organizational politics. Authority hierarchy were positively related to organizational politics but negatively related procedural justice. Further participation in decision making were unrelated to procedural justice and organizational politics.

PDF

___

Allen, R.W., Madison, D.L., Porter, L.W., Renwick, P.A. ve Mayes, B.T. (1979). Organizational Politics, Tactics and Characteristics of its Actors, California Management Review, 77-83.
Analoui F. (1995). Workplace Sabotage: its Styles, Motives and Management. Journal of Management Development, Vol.14, No.7, 48-65.
Ambrose M. L., Seabright M.A. ve Schminke M. (2002). Sabotage in the Workplace: The Role of Organizational Injustice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 89, 947-965.
Ambrose, M. L. ve Schminke, M. (2003). Organizational Structure as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Procedural Justice, Perceived Organizational Support, and Supervisory Trust.. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 295-306.
Andrews, M.C. ve Kacmar, M.K. (2001). Discriminating Among Organizational Politics, Justice and Support, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 22, 347-366.
Aryee, S., Chen, X.Z. ve Budhwar, P.S. (2004). Exchange Fairness and Employee Performance: An Examination of The Relationship Between Organizational Politics and Procedural Justice,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 94, 1-14.
Brass, D. J. (1984). Being in the Right Place: A Structural Analysis of Individual Influence in Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 29, 518-539.
Bies, R.J., Shapiro, D.L. ve Cumming, LL. (1988). “Causal Accounts and Managing Organizational Conflict: Is it Enough to Say It’ s not My Fault ?”, Communication Research, 15, s. 381-399.
Burns, T. (1961). Micropolitics: Mechanisms of Institutional Change. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 6, 257-281.
Calder, B.J., PhilipS, L.W., Tybout, A.M. (1981). Designing Research for Application. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 8, 197-207.
Cobb, A.T. (1986). Political Diagnosis: Applications in Organizational Development. Academy of Management Review, Vol.11, No 3, 482-496.
Cohen, C. Y. ve Spector, P.E. (2001). The Role of Justice in Organizations: A Meta-Analysis,Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 86, No.2, 278-321.
Corbitt, B.J. , Thanasankit, T., Han, Y. (2003). Trust And E-Commerce: A Study of Consumer Perceptions. Electronic Commerce Research And Applications, Vol.2, 203-215.
Cropanzano, R. Byrne, Z. S., Bobocel, D. R., ve Rupp, D. R. (2001). Moral Virtues, Fairness Heuristics, Social Entities, and Other Denizens of Organizational Justice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 164-209.
Cropanzano, R. ve Folger, R. (1989). Referent Cognitions and Task Decision Autonomy: Beyond Equity Theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 293-299.
Cropanzano, R., Prehar, C. ve Chen, P. Y. (2002). Using Social Exchange Theory to Distinguish Procedural from Interactional Justice. Group and Organizational Management, 27, 324-351.
Daft, R.(1998). Organization Theory and Design, 8th Edition, Thomson-Southwestern.
Drory, A. ve Romm, T. (1988). What Organizational Politics is: Organization Members’ Perceptions,Organization Studies, No.9, 165-179.
Drory, A. ve Romm, T. (1990). The Definition of Organizational Politics: A Review, Human Relations,Vol.43, No. 11, 1133-1154.
Efil, İ. (2000). İşletmelerde Yönetim ve Organizasyon, Genişletilmiş 6. Baskı, Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş., Bursa.
Eisenhardt, K. M. ve Bourgeois, L. J. (1988). Polititcs of Strategic Decision Making in Hıgh-Velocity Environments: Toward A Midrange Theory. Academy of Managemanl JoumaJ, Vol. 31. No. 4.,737-770.
Farrel, D. ve Petersen J. C. (1982). Patterns of Political Behavior in Organizations, Academy of Management Review, Vol.7, No.3, 403-412.
Ferris G.R. ve King, T. R., (1991). Politics in Human Resources Decisions:A Walk on The Dark Side.Organizational Dynamics, 59-71.
Ferris, G. R. ve Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perceptions of Organizational Politics, Journal of Management, Vol.18, No.1, 93-116.
Ferris, G. - Frink, D.D - Galang, M. C. - Zhou, J.- Kacmar, M.K. (1996). Perceptions of Organizational Politics: Prediction, Stres - Related Implications, and Outcomes, Human Relations, Vol.49, No. 2, 233-266.
Folger, R (1987). Distributive and Procedural Justice in the Workplace, Social Justice Research, No.1,143-159.
Folger, R., ve Bies, R. J. (1989). Managerial Responsibilities and Procedural Justice. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 79-90.
Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, Journal of Management, Vol. 16, No.2, s. 399-432.
Gandz, J. - Murray V.V. (1980). The Experience of Workplace Politics, Academy of Management Journal, Vol.23, No. 2, 237-251.
Gray, B. ve Ariss, S.S. (1985). Politics and Strategic Change Across Organizational Life Cycles,Academy of Management Review, Vol.10, No.4, 707-723.
Hage, J. ve Aiken, M. (1967). Relationship Centralization to other Structural Properties,Administrative Science Quarterly, 12, 72-92.
Hair, Joseph F., Anderson, Rolph E., Tatham, Ronald L., and Black, William C. (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Upper saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hickson, D. J., Hinnings, C.R., Lee, C.A., Schneck, E. ve Pennings, J.M. (1971). A Strategic Contingencies Theory of Intraorganizational Power. Administrative Science Quarterly, 216-229.
Kacmar, K.M ve Ferris, G.R. (1993). Politics at Work: Sharpening the Focus of Politic Behavior in Organizations. Business Horizons, July-August, 70-74.
Kacmar, K.M ve Ferris, G.R. (1991). Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS):Development And Construct Validation, Educational and Psychological Measurement Vol. 51,No.1, 193-205.
Kacmar, M.K. ve Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further Validation of the Perceptions of Politics Scale(POPS): A Multiple Sample Investigation, Journal of Management, Vol. 23, No.5, 627- 628.
Kacmar, K. M., Bozeman, D. P., Carlson, D. S. ve Anthony, W. P.(1999). An Examination of the Perceptions of Organizational Politics Model: Replication and Extension, Human Relations, 52,383-416.
Konovsky, M. A. (2000). Understanding Procedural Justice and Its Impact on Business Organizations,Journal of Management, Vol. 26, No. 3, 489-511.
Lee, C., Pillutla, M. ve Law, K.S. (2000). Power Distance, Gender and Organizational Justice, Journal of Management, Vol.26, No.4, 685-704.
Leventhal, G.S. (1990). What Should Be Done With Equity Theory? Gergen, K.J. - Greenberg, M.S.,Willis, R.H. (Ed.) Social Exchange: Advances in Theory and Research, (27-55), New York:Plenum.
Madison, D.L., Allen, R.W.,- Porter, L.W., Renwick, P.A. ve Mayes, B.T. (1980). Organizational Politics: An Exploration of Managers’ Perceptions, Human Relations”, Vol. 33, No.2, 79-100.
MacCallum, R. C. ve Austin, J.T.(2000). Applications of Structural Equation Modeling in Psychological Research. Annual Reivew of Psychology, Vol. 51, No.1, s. 201-226.
March, J.G. (1962). The Business Firm as a Political Coalition, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 24, No. 4,662-678.
Mayes, T. B. ve Allen, R. W. (1977). Toward A Definition of Organizational Politics, Academy of Management Review, 672-678.
Miles, R.H. (1980). Macro Organizational Behavior. The Goodyear Series in Administration and Business Management.
Miller, D. (1987). Strategy Making and Structure: Analysis and Implications for Performance,Academy of Management Journal 30, 7-32.
Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Mintzberg, H. (1985). The Organization as Political Arena, Journal of Management Studies, Vol.22,No.2, 133-154.
Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship?, Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855.
Narayanan, V.K. ve Fahey, L. (1982). The Micro-Politics of Strategy Formulation. Academy of Management Review, Vol.7, No.1, 25-34.
Nathan, P.R., Mohrman, A.M. ve Milliman, J. (1991). Interpersonal Relations as A Context for the Effects of Appraisal Interviews on Performance and Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study.Academy of Management Journal, Vol.34, No.2, 352-369.
Parker, C. P., Dipboye, R. L., ve Jackson, S. L. (1995). Perceptions of Politics: An Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Management, 21, 891-912.
Pearce, J. L., Bigley, G. A., ve Branyiczki, I. (1998). Procedural Justice as Modernism: Placing Industrial/Organizational Psychology in Context. Applied Psychology: An International Review,47, 371-396.
Pfeffer, J. (1981). Managing with Power. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Pfeffer, J. ve Salancik, G.R. (1974). Organizational Decision Making as a Political Process: The Case of A University Budget. Administrative Science Quarterly, 135-151.
Podsakoff, P.M. ve Mac Kenzie (1994). An Examination of the Psychometric Properties and Nomological Validity of Some Revised and Reduced Substitutes for Leadership Scales, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 79, No.5, s.702-713.
Pugh, D.S. D Hickson, J. Hinings, C.R. ve Turner C. (1968). Dimensions of Organizational Structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.13, 65-91.
Robbins, S.P. (1983). Organizational Behavior, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Sax, L.J., Gilmartin S.K. ve Bryant A. N. (2003). Assessing Response Rates and Nonresponse Bias in Web and Paper Surveys. Research in Higher Education, Vol.44, No.4, s. 409-431.
Schminke, M. (2001). Considering the Business inBusiness Ethics: An Exploratory Study of the Influence of Organizational Size and Structure on Individual Ethical Predispositions. Journal of Business Ethics, 30: 375-390.
Schminke, M., Ambrose, M.L. ve Cropanzano, R. (2000). The Effect of Organizational Structure on Perceptions of Procedural Fairness, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85, No.2, s. 294-304.
Schminke, M., Cropanzano, R., ve Rupp, D. E. (2002). Organization Structure and Fairness Perceptions: The moderating Effects of Organizational Level. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 881-905.
Schein, V. (1977). Individual Power and Political Behaviors in Organizations: An Inadequately Explored Reality, Academy of Management Review, 64-72.
Scandura, T.A. (1999). Rethinking Leader- Member Exchange: An Organizational Justice Perspective,Leadership Qurterly, Vol.10, No.1, 25-40.
Segars, A.H., Grover, V. (1993). Re-Examining Perceived Ease of Use and Usefulness: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. MIS Quarterly, December, s. 517-525.
Sweeney, P. D. ve Mc Farlin, D. B. (1993). Workers’ Evaluations of The “Ends” and The “Means”:An Examination of Four Models of Distributive and Procedural Justice, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 55, 23-40.
Tushman, M. (1977). A Political Approach to Organizations; A Review and Rationale, Academy of Management Review, s. 206-216.
Valle, M. ve Perréwe, P. L. (2000). Do Politics Perceptions Relate to Political Behaviors? Test of an Implicit Assumption and Expanded Model. Human Relations, 53, 359-386.
Welsh, A.M. ve Slusher, E.A. (1986). Organizational Design as a Context for Political Activity.Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 389-402.