Alkopop vergilerinin gençlerin alkol tüketimi üzerine etkileri ve etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi

Özellikle ergenler arasında popüler bir içecek olan alkopoplar, yüksek derecede tatlandırılmış ve önceden karıştırılmış alkollü içeceklerdir. Bu yeni tür içeceğin başarısı, şekerli tadı, modaya uygun özel dizaynı, ergenlere uygun reklamı ve imajla ilişkilendirilmesine bağlanmaktadır. Bu içecek imajı gençleri çekmekte ve sonuçta genç yaşta alkole başlamaya neden olmaktadır. Gençler arasında artan alkopop tüketimi, küçük yaşta erken alkol kullanımını teşvik ettiği ve daha çok içmelerine neden olduğu için eleştirilmektedir. Gençlerin sağlığı dikkate alınarak birçok ülkede alkopoplar üzerinden özel vergi alınması uygulamaları artmıştır. Bu vergiler alkol tüketimini azaltmanın yanında ek olarak devlet gelirlerini de arttırmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma, alkopop türü içeceklerin temel özelliklerini, vergilendirilme nedenlerini ve alkopop vergilerinin alkol tüketimi üzerindeki etkisini açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Alkopop türü içecekler üzerinden alınan vergilerin etkinliğinin incelendiği bu çalışmanın bulguları şunlardır; Genç bireylerde alkol tüketiminin fiyat esnekliği, yaşlılara göre daha fazladır. Alkopop vergisi sonrasında bireylerin alkopop içeceklere olan talepleri azalmakta ancak vergi sonrası alkopop tüketimindeki azalma, diğer alkollü içeceklerin tüketiminin artması ile ikame edilmektedir. Alkopop vergilerinin alkolle ilgili zararları ve alkol tüketimini azaltmadaki rolü sınırlı düzeydedir. Alkolle ilgili sorunlardan koruyacak etkili bir alkol politikası, belirli alkol tüketimi üzerine özel müdahaleler yerine, toplam alkol tüketim miktarını azaltmaya yönelik müdahaleleri içermelidir.

Evaluation of the effects and effectiveness of alcopops taxes on juvenile alcohol consumption

Alcopops, the popular drinks especially between the young people, are alcoholic drinks which are highly sweetened and mixed before. The success of this new drink is based on its taste with sugar, special design appropriated to trend, advertisement for the young people and image. The image of this drink attracts the young people and then causes to begin alcohol early in life of them. The increasing of alcopops consumptions between the young people is criticized due to encourage alcohol consumption in earlier age and cause to consume more alcohol. With considering the health of the young people, the collecting of private taxes from alcopops has gradually become widespread in many countries. These taxes not only reduce alcohol consumption but also increase the public revenues. The purpose of the current study is to clarify the fundamental properties of alcopops, the reasons of tax over alcopops and the effects of alcopops taxes on alcopops consumptions. The findings of this study investigated the taxes over alcopops are as follows: Price elasticity of alco�- hol consumption in the young people is more than the elders. Afterwards the taxes of alcopops, people s demands to alcopops decrease however this reducing is replaced by increasing of the other alcoholic drink consumptions. Thus, the role of the alcopops taxes in the reducing of alcohol s damaging and alcohol consumption is quite limited. Finally, an efficiency alcohol policy should include the interventions which intend to reduce the quantity of whole alcohol consumption instead of the specific interventions for some kind of alcohol drinks.

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