Kivilerde kök çürüklüğü hastalığına neden olan bazı funguslara karşı organik ve inorganik tuzların engelleyici etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada kivilerde kök çürüklüğü etmeni Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani ve Rhizoctonia solani AG 4’e karşı 21 organik ve inorganik tuz ve sentetik fungisit olarak Captan’ın etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. İn vitro ön denemelere göre, amonyum karbonat, amonyum bikarbonat, potasyum benzoat, potasyum sorbat, sodyum benzoat, sodyum metabisülfit ve Captan’ın dahil olduğu 7 bileşik %2 konsantrasyonda üç fungusun miselyal gelişimini tamamen engellemiştir. Birkaç istisna dışında, sodyum metabisülfitin funguslara karşı diğer 6 bileşikten daha büyük bir etkiye sahip ED50, MIC ve MFC değerlerine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Toprak testleri amonyum karbonat (%0.75), amonyum bikarbonat (%1), potasyum sorbat (% 0.5), sodyum benzoat (%0.5) ve sodyum metabisülfit (%0.25)’in R. solani AG 4’ün miselyal gelişmesini tamamen engellediğini, halbuki Captan’ın % 95.23’e kadar azalttığını göstermiştir, ancak bunların engelleyici etkileri arasındaki farklılık istatiksel olarak önemsizdir (P<0.05). Ayrıca üç fungusa karşı %0.25 sodyum metabisülfit, %0.25 Captan, %0.25 potasyum sorbat, %0.75 amonyum karbonate ve %1 amonyum bikarbonat uygulamalarının engelleyici etkileri arasında hiç bir önemli fark yoktur (P<0.05). Kök testlerinde her üç fungusa karşı %0.1 sodyum metabisülfit ve %0.25 Captan uygulamalarının kivi fidelerindeki kök çürüklüğü şiddetini patojenlerle inokuleli kontrol bitkilerine kıyasla önemli oranda azaltmış, fakat %0.75 amonyum karbonat, %1 amonyum bikarbonat, %0.25 potasyum benzoat, %0.25 potasyum sorbat ve %0.25 sodyum benzoat kök çürüklüğü şiddetini azaltamamıştır (P<0.05).

Determination of the inhibitory effects of organic and inorganic salts against some fungi causing root rot disease on kiwifruit

The efficacy of 21 organic and inorganic salts and Captan as a senthetic fungicide against three kiwifruit root rot pathogens including Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 were evaluated in the present study. According to the preliminary in vitro trials, 7 compounds including ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite and Captan (2 %) were able to completely inhibit mycelial growth of all three fungi. With few exceptions, this study showed that sodium metabisulphite had the ED50, MIC and MFC values having a greater effect against the fungi than six other compounds. Soil tests showed that ammonium carbonate (0.75 %), ammonium bicarbonate (1 %), potassium sorbate (0.5 %), sodium benzoate (0.5 %) and sodium metabisulphite (0.25 %) completely inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani AG 4, whereas Captan reduced the mycelial growth of the fungus by 95.23 %; however, differences among the inhibitory effects of treatments were found to be statistically insignificant (P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant differences among the inhibitory effects of 0.25 % sodium metabisulphite, 0.25 % Captan, 0.25 % potassium sorbate, 0.75 % ammonium carbonate and 1 % ammonium bicarbonate against all three fungi (P<0.05). In the root tests, the treatments of 0.1 % sodium metabisulphite and 0.25 % Captan against each three fungi significantly reduced the severity of root rot in kiwifruit seedlings in comparison to the inoculated control plants, but 0.75 % ammonium carbonate, 1 % ammonium bicarbonate, 0.25 % potassium benzoate, 0.25 % potassium sorbate and 0.25 % sodium benzoate did not (P<0.05).

Keywords:

Alternative control, Captan, Fusarium oxysporum F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani AG 4,

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