Harun Bayraktar, Olgac Yılmaz, Göksel Özer

Alternaria burnsii’nin gelişimi üzerine farklı kültürel koşulların etkisi ve rDNA-ITS sekansına dayanan filogenetik analizi

Alternaria burnsii’nin neden olduğu kimyon yanıklığı birçok ülkede kimyon üretimini sınırlandıran önemli bir fungal hastalıktır. Patojen ülkemizde de hemen hemen tüm kimyon ekim alanlarında yaygın olup önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Alternaria burnsii’ nin morfolojik, fenotipik ve filogenetik özellikleri hakkında çok fazla bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Alternaria burnsii’nin miseliyal gelişimi ve sporulasyonu üzerine farklı besi ortamları ve çevresel faktörlerin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca patojen izolatları arasındaki morfolojik farklılıklar değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla patojen izolatlar, yedi farklı besi ortamı (Patates Dekstroz Agar , Patates Havuç Agar, Mısır Unu Agar, Czapek Dox Agar, Sukroz Agar, Su Agarı, Domates Suyu Agarı, V88) üzerinde iki farklı inkubasyon koşulu altında geliştirilmiştir. Değerlendirilen kültür ortamları arasında en yüksek sporulasyon değişken sıcaklık ve ışık koşularına maruz bırakılan V88 ortamı üzerinde elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca kültür ortamı ve gelişme koşullarına bağlı olarak konidi uzunluğu, genişliği ve septa sayısı bakımından istatiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Sıcaklık patojen gelişimini etkileyen önemli bir sınırlayıcı faktör olup en iyi gelişme oranı 25 °C’ de gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, UPGMA metodu ile gerçekleştirilen ITS sekansının filogenetik analizi ise test edilen tüm izolatların aynı grup içerisinde yer aldığını ve bu izolatların GenBankasından elde edilen ve farklı seksiyonları temsil eden Alternaria tür gruplarına ait izolatlardan filogenetik olarak farklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçların gelecekteki araştırmalar için patojen inokulumunun hazırlanmasının yanısıra patojen tespit ve tanılanması için farklı metotların geliştirilmesinde faydalı bilgiler sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Effect of different cultural conditions on the growth of Alternaria burnsii and its phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA-ITS sequences

Cumin blight caused by Alternaria burnsii is an important fungal disease restricting cumin production in many countries. The pathogen is widespread in almost all cumin growing areas in Turkey and causes major economic losses. However, little information is known about morphologic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of Alternaria burnsii. In this study, the effect of different nutrient media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria burnsii was studied, and morphological differences among the pathogen isolates were evaluated. For this purpose, pathogen isolates were grown on seven different nutrient media (Potato Dekstrose Agar, Potato Carrot Agar, Corn Meal Agar, Czapek Dox Agar, Sucrose Agar, Water Agar, Tomato Juice Agar, V88) under two different incubation conditions. Among the culture media evaluated, the highest sporulation was obtained on V88 media exposed to the alternating temperature and light regimes. Also, the length, width and septa number of the conidia showed statistically differences depending on culture media and growing conditions. The temperature was a significant limiting factor affecting the pathogen growth. The best growth was observed at 25 °C. Phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS sequences performed by UPGMA method indicated that all tested isolates clustered in the same group and these isolates were phylogenetically distinct from the isolates of Alternaria-species groups, representing different sections retrieved from GenBank. These results could provide useful information in the pathogen inoculum production for further studies as well as the development of different methods for the identification and determination of the pathogen.

Keywords:

Cumin, Fungus Growth medium, Pathogen growth, rDNA-ITS,

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