Limonotu (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) Uçucu Yağının Morfolojik ve Gün İçindeki Değişimi
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Menemen-İzmir/Türkiye’de kültürü yapılan limonotu (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) bitkisinin yaprak ve çiçeklerindeki uçucu yağların bileşimini analiz etmek ve morfolojik ve gün içindeki değişiminin uçucu yağların bileşimine etkisini belirlemektir. Yaprak ve çiçeklerdeki uçucu yağlar Clevenger tipi aparey ile hidrodistilasyon yöntemine göre çıkarılmıştır. Uçucu yağların analizi gaz kromatografisi (GC-FID) ve gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) sistemleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Yapraklardaki uçucu yağlar en yüksek %1,64 ile öğleden sonra saat 16.00’da, en düşük %0,78 ile sabah 10.00’da bitkinin dip kısımlarından alınan yapraklardan elde edilmiştir. Çiçeklerdeki uçucu yağlar 16.00’da alınan örneklerde %1,17, 10.00’da alınan örneklerde %0,86 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bütün uçucu yağlardaki ana bileşenler limonen, neral ve geranial olarak bulunmuştur. Bu bileşenlerin oranı günün farklı zamanı ve alındığı bitki bölümüne göre değişim göstermiştir. Limonen, neral ve geranial’ın en yüksek en düşük oranları yaprak uçucu yağ örneklerinde %12,2-22,6, %15,6-23,6, %22,7-35,8 ve çiçek uçucu yağ örneklerinde %16,3-28,5, %20,2-16,2, %30,3-23,8 arasında saptanmıştır.
Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.)
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the composition of the essential oil from leaves and flowers oflemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) cultivated in Menemen-İzmir/Turkey and determine the effect of morphological anddiurnal variability on the composition of essential oil. The essential oils from leaves and flowers lemon verbena were isolated byhydrodistillation with clevenger type apparatus. The chemical compounds of essential oil were identified by using a gaschromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. The yields of essential oils in leaveswas found to be highest and lowest value in the lower part of leaves, with 1.64% at 4:00 pm and 0.78% at 10:00 am. Essential oilyield in flowers was varied 1.17% at 4:00 pm to 0.86% at 10:00 am in the day time. Main components of the all essential oilswere found as limonene, neral and geranial. The ratio of those components were changed according to day time and the part ofplant. The minimum and maximum ratio of limonene, neral and geranial were obtained between 12.2-22.6%, 15.6-23.6%, 22.7-35.8% in the leaves and 16.3-28.5%, 20.2-16.2%, 30.3-23.8% in the flowers respectively.Keywords: Lippia citriodora, lemon verbena, essential oil, morphological variability, diurnal variability.
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