Narda Çiçek Tomurcuğu Alım Dönemi, Karanlık Rejimi ve Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyicilerinin Anter Kültürü Üzerine Etkileri
Nar (Punica granatum L.), Türkiye’de yetiştiriciliği ve ihracatı ile ön plana çıkan bir meyve türüdür. Anter kültürü tekniği ile ıslah çalışmalarının desteklenmesi, özellikle meyve türlerinde zor olan haploidizasyonun sağlanması açısından önemlidir. Narda in vitro androgenesis yöntemi ile haploid bitki elde edilmesi konusunda yayına rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, İzmir 1513 nar çeşidinde farklı tomurcuk alım dönemleri, karanlık rejimleri ve bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin anter kültürüne olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal olarak 1. dönem (25 Mayıs-tam çiçeklenme) ve 2. dönemdeki (10 Haziran-çiçeklenme sonu) A tipi çiçek tomurcukları kullanılmıştır. Kültüre alınan anterlere 4 ve 6 hafta karanlık rejimi uygulanmıştır. Kültür ortamı olarak MS besi ortamına eklenen BAP, 2,4-D ve NAA’nın farklı konsantrasyon ve kombinasyonlarından oluşan 5 farklı ortam denenmiştir. Denemelerin sonucunda uygulamaların hem ana etkisi hem de interaksiyonu istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek kallus gelişimi (% 23,33), 2. dönemde alınan çiçek tomurcuklarından elde edilen anterlerin, 4,0 mg/l NAA + 0,4 mg/l BAP ortamında kültüre alınması ve 6 hafta süreyle karanlık uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Aynı uygulamada sürgün oluşumu da gerçekleşmiştir. Diğer taraftan, oksin içeren ortamlarda kök oluşumları gözlemlenmiştir. Pembe, yeşil, sarı ve beyaz renklerde kalluslar oluşmuştur. Pembe ve yeşil renkli kalluslar kompakt ve sert, sarı ve beyaz renkli kalluslar ise kırılgan ve yumuşak yapılı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kallus renkleri, bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri konsantrasyonları ve kombinasyonları uygulamalara göre farklılık göstermemiş, oluşan kallusların tamamında farklı embriyojenik dönemler gözlenmiştir
Effects of Taken Time of Flower Buds, Dark Regime and Plant Growth Regulators on Anther Culture of Pomegranate
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit species that comes to the forefront with its high amount of cultivation and exportation in Turkey. Supporting the breeding studies with anther culture technique, which is one of the biotechnological methods, is important especially in terms of ensuring the haploidization that is difficult in fruit species. According to the literature research, there has been no publication of haploid plant production on pomegranate by using in vitro androgenesis method in the world. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of taken time of flowers buds, dark regime and plant growth regulators on anther culture of Izmir 1513 pomegranate variety. In this context, type A flower buds in 1st period (25 May-full flowering) and 2nd period (10 June-end of flowering) were used. Four and 6 weeks dark regime was implemented on cultivated anthers. MS medium were used with 5 different concentrations and combinations of BAP, 2,4-D and NAA. At the end of the experiments, both the main effect and the interaction of the applications were statistically significant. The highest callus growth (23.33%) was obtained on 4.0 mg/l NAA + 0.4 mg/l BAP culture medium with the taken time of flower buds on 2nd period and dark application for 6 weeks. In this application, which has the highest callus development, shoot formation has also occurred. Root formations were observed in all auxin-containing mediums. Calluses were colored in 4 different colors; pink, green, yellow and white. However, the pink and green calluses are compact and rigid, while the yellow and white colored calluses are fragile and soft structure. The callus colors did not differ according to the plant growth regulator concentrations and applications, in addition different embryogenic periods were observed in all calluses.
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