Turunçgillerde Korkutan Hastalık: Yeşillenme
Turunçgil yeşillenme hastalığı (Huanglongbing-HLB, Greening Disease) turunçgil ağaçlarında ekonomik kayıplara neden olan bakteriyel bir hastalıktır. Hastalığı oluşturan patojenin bilimsel ismi Candidatus liberibacter‟dir. HLB ye sebep olan şu ana kadar üç farklı Candidatus tür‟ü saptanmıştır. Bunlardan Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), dünya genelinde HLB ile ilişkili en yaygın Liberibacter türüdür. Diğer iki tür olan, Candidatus liberibacter americanus (CLam) ve Candidatus liberibacter africanus (CLaf) ise daha az yoğunlukta ve ekolojilere özel olarak yaygınlık gösterirler. Hastalık Hindistan‟da 1929 yılında “turunçgillerde geriye ölüm” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ancak bu hastalık 1890‟lı yıllarda Çin de „yellow shoot diseas, sarı sürgün hastalığı‟ olarak çok iyi bilinmekte olması nedeniyle çoğu bilim insanı hastalığın ilk ortaya çıktığı yeri Çin olarak kabul etmektedir. Turunçgil yeşillenme hastalığına karşı bugüne kadar yüzde yüz etkili herhangi bir mücadele yöntemi bulunamamıştır. Bu da, patojenin ne kadar tehlikeli ve önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Hastalık, turunçgil üretim alanlarında veya ülkeler arasında vektör böceklerle, (Afrika Turunçgil Psillidi olan Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, diğer bir Psillid türü olan Asya Psillidi Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) veya enfekteli aşı gözleri ile taşınmaktadır. HLB, özellikle portakal, mandarin, tangelo ve greyfurt fidan veya ağaçlarında yaşa bakmaksızın etkilidir. Enfekteli ağaçlarda ortaya çıkan tipik hastalık belirtileri çinko eksikliği, bazı abiyotik stres faktörlerinin belirtileri veya diğer bazı turunçgil hastalıklarının oluşturduğu belirtiler ile karıştırılabilmektedir.
The Scary Disease in Citrus: Greening
Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing-HLB) is a bacterial disease causes economic losses on citrus trees. The scientific name of the causal agent is Candidatus liberibacter. Three Candidatus species have identified so far. Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is the most common Liberibacter species which is associated with HLB disease in the world. Candidatus liberibacter americanus (CLam) and Candidatus liberibacter africanus (CLaf) is observed less than CLas because they require specific ecological environments. Bacterial disease described in 1929 in India as citrus die back. However, the bacterial disease has already been known in China as yellow shoot in the 1890s. There is no 100% effective management methods controling this devastating widespread disease. It reveals that citrus greening is very dangerous and important disease. The disease can be disseminated via vectors, African Citrus Psyllid (Trioza erytreae Del Gue), other Psyllid species (Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), or infected bud grafting. Especially, HLB is an effective disease on orange, mandarin, tangelo and grapefruit seedlings or trees regardless of age. Typical infected tree symptoms can be confused with zinc deficiency, some abiotic stress factors, or some other citrus diseases symptoms.
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