Production, Trade and Future Perspective of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Turkey

In order to solve the problems encountered in the culture of medicinal and aromatic plants, to take the research as a whole, to organize these studies and to provide coordination among the working people and institutions, in 1990, National Research Project of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants was initiated by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The main purpose of these studies is to develop the registered varieties by cultivating new plant species for the production of standard and high quality raw materials required by different industries in medicinal, aromatic and dye plants in Turkey. Research institutes located in different regions of Turkey, start by selecting the appropriate type of culture to their ecology, engages in breeding and variety development work. Improvement studies have been made more efficient by integrating with quality studies to determine the active substances in plants. As a result of these studies, 41 cultivars of medicinal and aromatic plants belong to 15 species have been registered till now. The production areas of these species are increasing every year. In 2018, 300.000 tons of medicinal and aromatic plants were produced in approximately 100.000 hectares of land. 50.000 tons of this production was exported and 265 million US dollars of revenue was generated. In the following process, it is aimed to continue the culture, breeding, cultivation and quality studies and to develop new varieties and increase the production and usage areas of these varieties. On the other hand, in order to get more shares from the world herbal medicine market which is expected to reach 5 trillion USD in 2050, it is planned to give priority to the export of processed products instead of raw material export.

Türkiye’de Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Üretimi, Ticareti ve Gelecek Perspektifi

Tıbbi ve aromatik bitki kültüründe karşılaşılan sorunları çözmek, araştırmayı bir bütün olarak ele almak, bu çalışmaları düzenlemek ve çalışan insanlar ve kurumlar arasında koordinasyonu sağlamak amacıyla 1990 yılında T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı tarafından Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Ulusal Araştırma Projesi başlatılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların temel amacı, Türkiye'deki tıbbi, aromatik ve boya bitkilerinde farklı endüstrilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu standart ve kaliteli hammaddelerin üretimi için yeni bitki türleri yetiştirerek tescilli çeşitlerin geliştirilmesidir. Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde bulunan araştırma enstitüleri ekolojilerine uygun kültür bitkilerini seçerek ıslah ve çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarına yapmaktadırlar. Bitkilerde aktif maddelerin belirlenmesi için kalite çalışmaları agronomi çalışmaları ile bütünleştirilerek ıslah çalışmaları daha verimli hale getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda şu ana kadar 15 türe ait 41 çeşit tıbbi ve aromatik bitki çeşidi tescil edilmiştir. Bu türlerin üretim alanları her yıl artmaktadır. 2018 yılında yaklaşık 100.000 hektar alanda 300.000 ton şifalı ve aromatik bitki üretilmiştir. Bu üretimin 50.000 tonu ihraç edilmiş ve 265 milyon ABD doları gelir sağlanmıştır. Bundan sonraki süreçte kültür, ıslah, yetiştirme ve kalite çalışmalarının sürdürülmesi ve yeni çeşitler geliştirilerek bu çeşitlerin üretim ve kullanım alanlarının artırılması hedeflenmektedir. Öte yandan, 2050 yılında 5 trilyon ABD dolarına ulaşması beklenen dünya bitkisel ilaç pazarından daha fazla pay alabilmek için ham drog ihracatı yerine işlenmiş ürünlerin ihracatına öncelik verilmesi planlanmaktadır.

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