In Vitro Shoot Proliferation via Immature Embryos of Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary

In vitro techniques can be successfully used for protection of endemic ornamental plants and the geophytes that have wide natural distribution in Turkey. Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary belonging to Iridaceae family has a geophyte spectacular flowers, and is widely distributed in some mountainous regions in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities of effective vegetative propagation of Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary which is a geophyte of Turkey with tissue culture techniques. Therefore, immature embryos of Iris kirkwoodii Chaudhary plant were used as explant source and used for in vitro propagation. The highest survival rate of immature embryos was 58% on MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and number of shoots per explant was the best on MS medium containing 2.0 mgl-1 BAP + 2.0 mgl-1 NAA with 23.3. Developed plantlets from immature embryos were acclimatized with 20% survival rate 4 weeks after transfer to pots.

Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary Olgunlaşmamış Embriyoları ile In Vitro Sürgün Çoğaltımı

In vitro teknikler endemik süs bitkilerinin yanı sıra Türkiye’de doğal yayılış alanına sahip geofitlerin korunması amacıyla da başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabilmektedir. Iridaceae familyasına ait olan Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary, gösterişli çiçeklere sahiptir ve Türkiye’de bazı dağlık bölgelerde yayılış göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin geofiti olan Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary’nin doku kültürü teknikleriyle etkili vejetatif çoğaltım olanaklarının araştırılmasıdır. Bu sebeple, Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary bitkisine ait olgunlaşmamış embriyolar eksplant kaynağı olarak in vitro şartlarda çoğaltımı gerçekleştirmek için kullanılmışlardır. Çalışma sonuçlarında, olgunlaşmamış embriyoların en yüksek canlılık oranı % 58 ile NAA 0,5 mgl-1 içeren MS ortamında ve en iyi çoğaltım oranı eksplant başına 23,3 sürgün ile 2,0 mgl-1 BAP+ 2,0 mgl-1 NAA içeren MS ortamında gözlenmiştir. Olgunlaşmamış embriyolardan gelişen bitkicikler saksılara aktarımdan 4 hafta sonra %20 canlılık oranıyla aklimatize edilmiştir.

PDF

___

Aasim, M., S. Day, F. Rezaei, and M. Hajyzadeh. 2013. Multiple Shoots Regeneration of Plumular Apices of Chickpea. Turk. J. Agric. For. 37: 33-39.

Anonim. 2015. Türkiye’nin Önemli Bitki Alanları İletişim Ağı. http://obanettr.org/images/pdf/80.pdf. (erişim 2017).

Al-Gabbiesh, A., D. S. Hassawi, and F. U. Afifi. 2006. In vitro Propagation of Endangered Iris Species. Journal of Biological Sciences. 6 (6): 1035-10402.

Asgough, G. D., J. E. Erwinb, and J. V. Staden. 2009. Micropropagation of Iridaceae a Review. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 97: 1-19.

Boltenkov, E. V., V. G. Rybin, and E. V. Zarembo. 2005. Spesific Features of Cultivation of Iris ensata Thunb. Callus Tissue. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. Vol. 40 No. 2 pp. 206-212.

Cöçü, S., S. Uranbey, A. Ipek, K. M. Khawar, E. O. Sarıhan, M. D. Kaya, I. Parmaksız, and S. Özcan. 2004.

Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Micropropagation in Calendula officinalis L. Biol Plantarum. 48: 449-451.

E. V. Boltenkov, and E. V. Zarembo. 2005. In vitro Regeneration and Callogenesis in Tissue Culture of Floral Organs of the Genus Iris (Iridaceae). Biology Bulletin 32: 174-179.

Erken, K., E. Kaya, E. Uysal, A. Atak, Z. Uçkun, C. Hantaş, F. G. Çelikel, A. Fidancı, S. Erkal, N. Özhatay, N. T.

Arslan, B. Şener, and Ş. Ellialtıoğlu. 2009. Türkiyede Yetişen Iris spp. Taranması Seleksiyonu Yetiştirme Tekniklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Süs Bitkileri Sektörüne Kazandırılması. 144-219.

Francescangeli, N. 2009. Paclobutrazol and Cytokinin to Produce Iris (Iris hollandica Tub.) in Pots. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 69 (4): 509-515

George, E. F., M. A. Hall, G. J. De Klerk, and G. Jan. (Eds.) 2007. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture the Background (Vol. 1). Springer Science & Business Media.

Güner, A., S. Aslan, M. Vural, and T. Babaç. 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanic Garden and Floristic Research Society, pp. 535-540. See more at:

http://www.plantdergisi.com/yazi-kamil-erken- 151.html#sthash.NVN6uJc7.dpuf.

Ipek, A., S. Çöçü, S. Uranbey, D. Kaya, B. Gürbüz, N. Aslan, C. Sancak, G. Akdoğan, and S. Ozcan. 2009. In vitro Bulblet Production from Immature Embryos of Ornamental Plant Ornithogalum platyphyllum Boiss. Res. J. Biotechnol. 4 (4): 21-25.

Je´han, H., D. Courtois, C. Ehret, K. Lerch, and V. Pe´tiard. 1994. Plant Regeneration of Iris pallida Lam. and Iris germanica L. via Somatic Embryogenesis from Leaves, Apices and Young Flowers. Plant Cell Rep. 13: 671-675.

Jevremović, S., and L. Radojević. 2002. Plant Regeneration from Suspension Cultures of Irıs pumila L. Proc. XX Eucarpia Symp. on New Ornamentals II. ISHS Acta. Hort. 572.

Kapoor, R., S. Kumara, and J.K. Kanwara. 2009. Bulblet Production from Node Explant Grown in vitro in Hybrid Lilies. International Journal of Plant Production 3 (4).

Kawase, K., H. Mizutani, M. Yoshioka, and S. Fukuda. 1995. Shoot Formation on Floral Organs of Japanese Iris In vitro. J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci. 64: 413-148.

Kumar, S., V. Awasthi, and J. K. Kanwar. 2007. Influence of Growth Regulators and Nitrogenous Compounds on In vitro Bulblet Formation and Growth in Oriental Lily. Hort. Sci (Prague), 34 (2): 77-83.

Mirici, S., I. Parmaksiz, S. Ozcan, C. Sancak, S. Uranbey, O. E. Sarihan, A. Gümüşçü, B. Gürbüz, and N. Arslan. 2005. Efficient In vitro Bulblet Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Endengered Sternbergia fischeriana. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 80: 239-246.

Murashige, T., and F. Skoog. 1962. A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bioassay with Tobacco Tissue Cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497

Nasircilar, A. G., and I. G. Deniz. 2014. An Alternative Plant Propagatıon and Conservation Process for Iris pampyhlica an Endemic and Endangered Geophyte. Fifth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2014.

Pattnaik, S. K. and P. K. Chand. 1997. Rapid Clonal Propagation of Three Mulberries, Morus cathayana HemsL, M. lhou Koiz. and M. serrata Roxb., through In vitro Culture of Apical Shoot Buds and Nodal Explants from Mature Trees, Plant Cell Rep. 16: 503-508.

Ozcan, S., M. Barghchi, S. Firek, and J. Draper. 1992. High Frequency Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from Immature Cotyledons of Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Cell Rep 11: 44-47.

Ozcan, S., C. S. Sevimay, M. Yıldız, C. Sancak, and M. Ozgen. 1996. Prolific Shoot Regeneration from Immature Embryo Explants of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). Plant Cell Rep 16: 200-203.

R. G. D. Steel, and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Second Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York.

Sevindik, B., M. Tutuncu, T. Izgu, E. M. Tagipur, P. Curuk, O. Yilmaz, G. Kaynak, and Y.Y. Mendi. 2017. Micropropagation of Erodium olympicum Endemic to Turkey. American Journal of Plant Biology 2 (3-1): 24-27.

Shibata, K. 1998. A Cyclopedia of Useful Plants and Plant Products. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 514-519.

Shibli, R. A., and M. M. Ajlouni. 2000. Somatic Embryogenesis in the Endemic Black Iris, Plant Cell. Tissue and Organ Culture 61: 15-21.

Simonet, M. 1932. Plant Regeneration of Iris pallida Lam. and Iris germanica L. via Somatic Embryogenesis from Leaves, Apices and Young Flowers. Bull Biol France et Belgique 105: 255-444.

Suzhen, H., X. Mingyun, T. Haiying, H. Yulin, G. Yin, and J. Li. 1999. The Tissue Culture of Iris xiphium L. var. hybridum. J. Plant Resour. Environ. 8: 48-52.

Ulrich, M. R., F. T. Jr. Davies, Y. C. Koh, S. A. Duray, and J. N. Egilla. 1999. Micropropagation of Crinum `Ellen Bosanquet' by tri-scales. Sci. Horticulturae 82: 95-102.

Uranbey, S. 2010a. In vitro Bulblet Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Muscari azureum. African Journal of Biotechnology 9 (32): 5121-5125.

Uranbey, S. 2010b. Stimulating Effects of Different Basal Media and Cytokinine Types on Regeneration of Endemic and Endangered Muscari auchera. Arch. Biol. Sci. Belgrade. 62 (3): 663-667.

Uzun, S., A. I. Ilbaş, A. Ipek, N. Arslan, and S. Barpete. 2014. Efficient In vitro Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Endemic Iris sari and I. schachtii. Turk. J. Agric. For. 38: 348-353.

Wawrosch, C., P. R. Malla, and B. Kopp. 2001. Clonal Propagation of Lilium nepalense D.Don, a Threatened Medicinal Plant of Nepal. Plant Cell Reports 20: 285- 288.

Yurtsever, N. 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotları. Köy Hizmetleri Toprak ve Gübre Arş. Enst. Müdürlüğü Yayınları Genel Yayın No. l21 Ankara.

Wang, Y., Z. Jeknić, R. C. Ernst, and T. H. H. Chen. 1999. Improved Plant Regeneration from Suspension- Cultured Cells of Iris germanica L.’Skating Party’. Hort. Science 34 (7): 1271-1276.