Serap SOYERGİN, İtidal MOLTAY, Hulusi SAMANCI

Doğu Marmara Bölgesinde kivi bahçelerinin (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) makro besin elementleri açısından beslenme durumu

Bu çalışma Doğu Marmara Bölgesindeki kivi bahçelerinin beslenme durumu ve sorunlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla ele alınmıştır. Onbeş kivi bahçesinden iki yıl ardarda alınan toprak, yaprak ve meyve örnekleri analiz edilerek değerlendirilmiş, verim, gübreleme ve bahçelerle ilgili bazı bilgi ve gözlemler kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kivi bahçe toprakları genellikle tın bünyede, nötr veya hafif alkalin reaksiyonda, kireçsizya da az kireçli olup tuzluluk problemi bulunmamaktadır. Tüm bu özellikler yönünden topraklar kivi yetiştiriciliğine uygundur. Organik madde, üst topraklarda daha az oranda, ancak alt toprakların yaklaşık yarısında yetersizdir. Alt topraklarda potasyum ve fosfor ile ilgili çok yaygın olmayan bazı noksanlıklar söz konusu iken, üst topraklarda tüm makro besinler genellikle yeterli düzeydedir. Yaprak analiz sonuçları, kivilerde yıllara ve örnek alma zamanına göre değişen : oranlarda azot ve magnezyumla ilgili bazı beslenme düzensizlikleri olduğunu göstermiş, ancak optimum değerlerdeki çelişkiler nedeniyle kalsiyum konusunda kesin bir yorum yapılamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

toprak analizleri, meyve bahçeleri, makro besin maddeleri, Actinidia deliciosa, Türkiye, besin maddesi içeriği, Marmara Bölgesi, kivi

Determination of hte macro nutrient status of kiwifruit orchards (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) in the east Marmara Region

This study has been carried out for assessing the nutritional status and problems of kiwifruit orchards in the East Marmara Region. Soil, leaf and fruit samples were taken from 15 two following years kiwifruit orchards and based on analyses estimation were made about yield, fertilizing as well as informations and observations were recorded. In view of the findings based on soil, leaf and fruit analyses the results are summarized as below: The texture of the soils analyzed was generally loamy, the calcium carbonate contents of the soils were generally low even some units had no calcium carbonate at all. There was no problem of salinity. The soil reaction was generally neutral or slightly alkaline. According to these characteristics, the soils are suitable for kiwifruit production. The organic matter content of the sub-soils was at insufficient level being approximately half of the units but more than half of the top-soils was suitable in organic matter content. Although there were some deficiencies of potassium and phosphorus in the sub-soils, all of the macro nutrients were generally at sufficient levels in the top-soils. The results of the leaf analyses showed that nutritional disorders of nitrogen and magnesium in kiwifrüit are in consideration at varying rate depending on year and sampling time. Because of complications on the universal optimum values no estimation for calcium has been elucidated.

Keywords:

soil analysis, orchards, macronutrients, Actinidia deliciosa, Turkey, nutrient content, Marmara Region, kiwifruits,

PDF

___

Anonim. 1965. Electronic switchgear (London) Limited. 58 Wilbury Way. Hitchin Herfordshire. England. SG 4 OUF (Prospectuse).
Anonim. 1980. Soil and Plant Testing and Analysis as a basis of Fertilizer Recommendations. F.A.O. Soils Bulletin 38/2. p 95.
Anonim. 1981. The Analysis of Agricultural Materials. Second Edition Ministry of Agri. Fisheries and Food. RB. 427, Replaces Technical Bulletin 27. s 226.
Anonim. 1985. Agricultural Analysis Handbook. Hach Company 22546-08. s 2/65-2/69.
Anonim. 1986. Plant Analysis. An Interpretation Manual (Edt. Reuter D. J., and Robinson J. B.) Inkata Pres. Melbourne-Sydney.
Anonim. 1992. IFA. World Fertilizer Use Manual.International Fertilizer Industry Association. Paris. 419-422.
Battelli, G., and G. Renzi. 1992. A Nutritional Suırvey of Kiwi Orchards in Northern Italy. Hort. Abs. Vol, 62/12. 9854.
Bergmann, W. 1992. Colour Atlas Nutritional Disorders of Plants. Gustav, Fischer Verlag Jena. Stuttgart. Newyork. p 92.
Beutel, J. A.,K. Uriv, J. Post and J. Pearson. 1994. Kiwifruit Growing and Handling. Nutrition and Fertilization. Univ. of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Pub. 3344. 58-60.
Buwalda, J. G., and G. S. Smith. 1988. Accumulation and Partitioning of Dry Matter and Mineral Nutrients in Developing Kiwifruit Vines, Hort. Abs. Vol. 58/4.2021.
Buwalda, J. G., and G. S. Smith. 1990. Horticultural Reviews. Vol: 12. Ruakura Agricultural Center, maf Tech. Private bag. Hamilton. New Zeland. 307-342;
Clark, C, and G. S. Smith. 1988. Mg Deficiency of Kiwifruit. Hort. Abs. Vol. 58/7. 4030.
Cressvel, G. C. 1990. Development of a Leaf Sampling Technique and Leaf Standards for Kiwifruit in New South Wales. Hort. Abs. Vol. 60/2. 958.
Costa, G., R. Monet, and B. Kukurriannis. 1992, Kiwifruit Production in Europe. Acta Horticulturae. Sec. Int. Symp. On Kiwi-fruit. Vol. 1/297. 144-145,
Çağlar, K. Ö. 1958. Toprak Bilgisi. Ankara Ü. Z. F. Yayınları. Yayın No: 10. 286 s.
Kukuryannis, V. Ch. 1992. Current Situation and Future Prospects of Kiwifruit Growing in Greece. II. International Symposium on Kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae 297. Vol. 2.
Lalatta, F., C. Visal, and O. Failla. 1992. Application of Leaf Analysis on Kiwifruit Orchards in Northern Italy. Hort. Abs. Vol. 62/12. 9853.
Öztan, B. ve N. Munsuz. 1961, Tarım Bakanlığı, Toprak-su Genel müd. Toprak ve Gübre Araş. Ens.Tek.Yayın. Sayı: 6. s 5.
Prasad, M., and T. M. Spiers. 1994. The Effect of Nutrient on the Storage Quality of Kiwifruit. Hort. Abs. Vol. 64/10. 7726.
Samancı, H. 1990. Kivi (Actinidia) Yetiştiriciliği. TAV Yayınları. Yayın No: 22.
Smith, G. S., C. J. Clark, and J. G. Buwalda. 1988. Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Kiwifruit. Hort. Abs. Vol. 58/9. 5532.
Strabbioli, G., F. Monastra, and E. Turci. 1989. Nutritional Status of Actinidia Orchards in various Productive Italian Areas. Annali del Istituto Sperimantela Per la Frutticoltura. Roma. Vol. 20: 181 -182.
Tettoni, A., G. Granelli, and A. Pagano. 1992. Mineral Nutrition Influence on the Yield and Quality of Kiwifruit. Hort. Abs. Vol. 62/12. 9856.
Tropea, M., G. Fisichella, and G. Sambuco. 1990. Studies on Nutritional Status and Production of Kiwifruit in Calabria. Hort. Abs. Vol. 60/11. 8808.
Warrington, J. J., and G. C. Weston. 1990. Kiwifruit Science and Management. Bennets Unit New Zeland. 576 p.