Çağlar ÇOLAK, Semra HASANÇEBİ, YALÇIN KAYA

Ayçiçeğinde Yüksek Oleik Yağ Asidi Özelliğinin Moleküler Markörler Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi

Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.), Compositae (Asteraceae), dünyada yenebilir bitkisel yağ bakımından 4. sırada yer almakta olup, dünyadaki ayçiçeği ekim alanlarının yaklaşık %60’ı Karadeniz Bölgesi ülkelerinde bulunmaktadır. Ayçiçeğinin ülkemizde önemli olmasının nedeni ülkemizin birçok bölgesinde yetiştirilebilir olmasıdır. Ülkemizde üretilen bitkisel yağ, artan nüfusa yetmemekte ve mevcut yağ açığımız yıldan yıla artmaktadır. Bu yağ açığı, verim artışına alternatif olarak yağ kalitesi iyileştirme çalışmalarıyla azaltılabilir. Oleik asit içerikli ayçiçeği yağı üreterek özellikle kızartma sanayinde yağ tüketimini azaltmak mümkündür. Yüksek oleik asit içeren çeşitler geliştirmek için kullanılan klasik ıslah yöntemleri hem zor hem de biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşullarından etkilendiği için doğruluk derecesi düşük olmaktadır. Ancak yüksek oleik asit içeriğine yönelik yapılacak bitki ıslahında, biyoteknolojik yöntemler ile moleküler markör destekli seleksiyon (MAS) kullanılarak daha hızlı ve daha tutarlı sonuçlar elde etmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada; yüksek oleik karakterinin tespiti için F3 kademesindeki 40 bireyin ve 55 adet yüksek oleik, orta oleik ve linoleik tip çeşidin, yağ asidi analizleri ve moleküler markör analizleri yapılmıştır. Oleik asit ile bağlantılı olduğu saptanan FAD2 gen bölgesindeki varyasyona dayalı 6 INDEL markörü ile literatürde yüksek oleik karakteri ile bağlantılı olduğu belirtilen 3 SSR markörü kullanılmıştır. Tüm örneklerin gaz kromotografi (GC) cihazında yağ asitleri içerik analizi yapılmış ve moleküler markör analizleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda yüksek oleik asit karakterini selekte edebilen ve MAS için kullanılabilir 3 adet markör tespit edilmiştir.

Determination of High Oleic Acid Property in Sunflower by Using Molecular Markers

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), is oil crop plant belonging to Compositae (Asteraceae) family and is the fourth in the world in terms of the largest consuming edible oil and approximately 60% of the sunflower cultivation areas in the world are in the Black Sea Region countries. Sunflower is growing almost all parts of Turkey due to higher adaptation capability. The amount of vegetable oil produced in Turkey is not enough for our domestic consumption and this existing deficit is increasing due to increasing population year by year. This deficit could be reduced by improving of oil quality and the use of higher oleic acid could decrease the consumption of frying oil. The selection utilizing with classical breeding methods to develop varieties containing high oleic acid is both hard and less precision because it is affected more by biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, it is possible to obtain faster and more consistent results in plant breeding containing high oleic acid by using biotechnological methods and selections supported by molecular marker selection (MAS). In this study, the screening of 40 F3 individuals and also 55 higher, mid and linoleic acid content type cultivars have been screened by molecular markers and analyzed for fatty aside contents. Six INDEL markers based on the variations of FAD2 gene region that is related to high oleic acid trait and 3 SSR markers that were reported as high oleic linked markers in the literatures were used in this study. All of the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography for detection of their fatty acid contents and compared to molecular marker results. As a result of this study, 3 markers which can be used for selection of the high oleic trait were detected.

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