Örgütsel adalet ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik uygulaması kamuda görgül bir çalışma

Bu çalışma, Niehoff ve Moorman (1993) tarafından geliştirilen örgütsel adalet ölçeğinin Türkçe 'ye uyarlanmasını, geçerlik ve güvenirlik testi bulgularını içermektedir. Uygulama bir kamu kurumunun Erzurum bölgesindeki birimlerinde görevli 254 kamu çalışanı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Yapılan güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizlerinin sonuçlarına göre, ölçüm aracının, özgün ölçeğin faktör yapısı ile genel olarak uyum gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Tüm ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı 0.905 olarak bulunmuştur. Geçerliğe yönelik olarak yapılan analizlerde ise, ölçeğin özgün halinde olduğu gibi yine üç alt boyuttan oluştuğu ancak, altı maddenin farklı boyutlarda yüklendiği görülmektedir. Sonuç itibariyle, Niehoff ve Moorman (1993) 'e ait ölçeğin, ülkemizde örgütsel adalet algısı ölçümlerinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Validty and reliability tests of organizational justice scale: An empirical study in a public organization

This study involves the adaptation of the Organizational Justice Scale developed by Niehoff and Moorman (1993) to Turkey, and the findings of the reliability, and validity tests. The survey was conducted with a sample of 254 employees working in various departments of a public organization in Erzurum, Turkey. The results of the reliability and validity analysis revealed that the scale was a valid and reliable device and that its factor structure generally fits the original factor structure. The overall coefficient of the instrument was found to be 0.905. The factor analysis revealed that though factor structure was explained by three factors as in the original, six items were loaded on different components. As a result, it has been concluded that the scale developed by Niehoff and Moorman (1993) is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used in measuring the perception of organizational justice in Turkey.

___

  • Adams, J. S. (1965), "Inequity in Social Exchange", in L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic Press, p. 267-299.
  • Aquino D. G. - Horn, P. W. (1997), "Integrating Justice Constructs into the Turnover Process: A Test of a Referent Cognitions Model", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40, No. 5, p. 1208-1227.
  • Barling, J. - Michelle, P. (1993), "Interactional, Formal, and Distributive Justice in the Workplace: Ah Exploratory Study", The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 127, No. 6, p. 649-656.
  • Bies, R. J. (2001), Interactional (in) Justice: The Sacred and the Profane, Advances in Organizational Justice içinde, J. Greenberg & R. Cropanzano (Eds.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Pres, p. 89-118.
  • Bies, R. J. - Moag, J. S. (1986), "Interactional Justice: Communication Criteria for Fairness", Research on Negotiation in Organizations içinde, B.H. Sheppard (Ed.), Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Vol. 1, p. 43-55.
  • Bies, R. J. - Shapiro D. L. (1987), "Interactional Fairness Judgments: the Influence of Causal Accounts", Social Justice Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 199-218.
  • Bies, R. J. - Shapiro D. L - Cummings, L. L. (1988), "Causal Accounts and Managing Organizational Conflict: Is It Enough to Say It's Not My Fault?", Communications Research, Vol. 15, No: 4, p. 381-399.
  • Blau, P. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bos, V. D. Wilke - H. A. M. - Lind, E. A. (1998), "When Do We Need Procedural Fairness? The Role of Trust in Authority", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 75, No. 6, p. 1449-1458.
  • Brislin, R. W. - W. J. Lonner - Thorndike, R. M. (1973), Cross-Cultural Research Methods. New York, John Wiley&Sons Pub.
  • Çakmak, A. F. - Biçer, I. H., (2006), "Performans Değerleme Sisteminden Duyulan Memnuniyeti Etkileyen Unsurlar", İTÜ Dergisi, Cilt 32, Sayı 1, s. 3-14.
  • Cohen, R.L. (1987), "Distributive Justice: Theory and Research", Social Justice Research, Vol. l,No: l,p. 19-40
  • Cohen-Charash, Y. - Spector, P. E. (2001), "The Role of Justice in Organizations: A Meta Analysis", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 86,No. 2, p. 278-321.
  • Colquitt, J. A. (2001), "On the Dimensionality of Organizational Justice: A Construct Validation of a Measure", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, No. 3, p. 386-400.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951), "Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests", Psychometrika, Vol. 16, No. 3, p. 297-334.
  • Cropanzano, R. - Folger, R. (1991), "Procedural Justice and Worker Motivation", In R. Steers and L. Porter (Ed.), Motivation and Work Behavior, New York: McGraw-Hill, p.131-143.
  • Cropanzano, R. - Folger, R. (1989), "Referent Cognitions and Task Decision Autonomy: Beyond Equity Theory", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 74, No. 2, p. 293-294.
  • Cropanzano, R. - Greenberg, J. (1997), "Progress in Organizational Justice: Tunneling Through the Maze", International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 12, p.317-372.
  • Deboer, E. M. - Bakker, A. B. - Syroit, J. E. - Schaufeli, W. B. (2002), "Unfairness at Work As A Predictor of Absenteeism", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 2, p. 181-197.
  • Donovan, M. A. - Drasgov, F. - Munson, L. J. (1998), "The Perceptions of Fair Interpersonal Treatment Scale: Development and Validation of A Measure of Interpersonal Treatment in the Workplace", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, No. 5, p. 683-692.
  • Fernandes C. ve Awamleh, R. (2006), "Impact of Organizational Justice in An Expatriate Work Environment", Management Research News, Vol. 29, No: 11, p. 701 -712.
  • Folger, R. (1977), "Distributive and Procedural Justice: Combined Impact of Voice and Improvement on Experienced Inequity", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 2, p. 108-119.
  • Folger, R. - Bies, R. J. (1989), "Managerial Responsibilities and Procedural Justice", Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 79-90.
  • Folger, R. - Cropanzano, R. (1998), Organizational Justice and Human Resources Management. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, London.
  • Folger, R. - Konovsky, M. A. (1989), "Effects of Procedural and Distributive Justice on Reactions to Pay Raise Decisions", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. 115-130.
  • Greenberg, J. (1987), "Reactions to Procedural Injustice in Payment Distributions: Do the Means Justify the Ends?", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 72, No. 1, p. 55-61.
  • Greenberg, J. (1990), "Employee Theft as a Reaction To Underpayment Inequity: The Hidden Cost of Pay Cut", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 75, No. 5, p. 561-568.
  • Greenberg, J. (1993), "The Social Side of Fairness: Interpersonal and Informational Classes of Organizational Justice'in R. Cropanzano (Ed.)", Justice in the Workplace: Approaching Fairness in Human Resource Management içinde, Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 79-103.
  • Greenberg, J. (1996), The Quest For Justice on the Job: Essays and Experiments. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2007), "Yöneticilerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışlarının İş Tatmini ve Algıladıkları Örgütsel Adaletle İlişkisi", Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İÜ SBE, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Gürbüz, S. - Bingöl, D. (2007), Çeşitli Örgüt Yöneticilerinin Güç Mesafesi, Belirsizlikten Kaçınma, Eril-Dişil ve Bireyci-Toplulukçu Kültür Boyutlarına Yönelik Eğilimleri Üzerine Görgül Bir Araştırma, KHO Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt 6, Sayı 2, s. 68-87.
  • Gürpınar, G. - Yahyagil, M. (2007), "Örgütsel Adalet, Lider-Üye Değişimi ve Örgüte Bağlılık Kavramları Arasındaki İlişkisi", Sakarya Üniversitesi, 15. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, 25-27 Mayıs 2007, Sakarya.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. (Abridged Edition), Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
  • Homans, G. C. (1961), Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms, New York: Harcourt, Brace.
  • Kang, D. (2007), "Perceived Organizational Justice as a Predictor of Employees' Motivation to Participate in Training", Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, p. 89-107.
  • Karasar, N. (2000), Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, 10. Bs., Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Konovsky, M. A. (2000), "Understanding Procedural Justice and Its Impact on Business Organizations", Journal of Management, Vol. 26, No. 3, p. 489-511.
  • Korsgaard, A. M - Roberson, L. (1995), "Procedural Justice in Performance Evaluation: The Role of instrumental and Non-Instrumental Voice in Performance Appraisal Discussions", Journal of Management, Vol. 21, No. 4, p. 657-669.
  • Lee, H. R. (2000), "An Empirical Study of Organizational Justice as a Mediator of the Relationships Among Leader-Member Exchange and Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover intentions in the Lodging industry", Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, State University At Virginia, (Çevrimiçi),
  • Http://Scholar.Lib.Vt.Edu/Theses/Available/Etd0501200014210002/Unrestricted /Dissertationpdf, (1 Ocak 2008).
  • Leventhal, G. S. (1980), "What Should be Done With Equity Theory? New Approaches to the Study of Fairness in Social Relationships", Social Exchange: Advances in Theory and Research İçinde, K. Gergen, M. Greenberg - R. Willis (Eds.), New York: Plenum Pres, p. 27-55.
  • Lind, E. A. - Kanfer R. - Earley, P. C. (1990), "Voice, Control, and Procedural Justice: Instrumental and Noninstrumental Concerns in Fairness Judgments", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 59, No. 5, p. 952-959.
  • Martin, C. L. - Bennett, N. (1996), "The Role of Justice Judgments in Explaining the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment", Group and Organization Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, p. 84-105.
  • Masterson, S. S. - Lewis, K. - Goldman, B.M. - Taylor, M. S. (2000), "Integrating Justice and Social Exchange: The Differing Effects of Fair Procedures and Treatment on Work Relationships", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4, p. 738-748.
  • Moorman, R. H. (1991), "Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenshipbehaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship?" Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76, No. 6, p. 845-855.
  • Moorman, R. H. - Niehoff, B. P. - Organ, D. W. (1993), "Treating Employees Fairly and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Sorting the Effects of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Procedural Justice", Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Vol. 6, No. 3, p. 209-225.
  • Niehoff, B. P. - Moorman, R. H. (1993), "Justice as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Methods of Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 527—556.
  • Organ, D. (1988), Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
  • Özmen, N. T. - Arbak, Y. - Özer, P. S. (2007), "Adalete Verilen Değerin Adalet Algıları Üzerindeki Etkisinin Sorgulanmasına İlişkin Bir Araştırma", Ege Akademik Bakış, Cilt 7, Sayıl, s. 17-33.
  • Polat, S. - Celep, C. (2008), "Ortaöğretim Öğretmenlerinin Örgütsel Adalet, Örgütsel Güven, Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışlarına İlişkin Algıları", Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, Sayı 54 (Bahar), s. 300-331.
  • Price, J. L. - Mueller, C. W. (1986), Handbook of Organizational Measurement, Marshfield, MA: Pittman.
  • Ramamoorthy, N. - Flood, P. C, (2004), "Gender and Employee Attitudes: The Role of Organizational Justice Perceptions", British Journal of Management, Vol. 15, No. 3, p. 247-258
  • Scarlicki, D.,P. - Folger, R. (1997), "Retaliation in the Workplace: The Roles of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, No. 3, p. 434-443.
  • Schnake, M. (1991), "Organizational Citizenship: A Review Proposed Model and Research Agenda", Human Relations, Vol. 44, No. 7, p. 735-759.
  • Shapiro, D. L. - Buttner, E. H. (1988), "Adequate Explanations: What Are They, and Do They Enhance Procedural Justice Under Severe Outcome Circumstances"? Paper Presented At the National Meeting of the Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA.
  • Sweeney P. D. - McFarlin, D. B. (1993), "Worker's Evaluation of the "Ends" and the "Means": An Examination of Four Models of Distributive and Procedural Justice", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 23-40.
  • Tepper, B. J. (2000), "Consequences of Abusive Supervision,", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 2, p. 178-190.
  • Thibaut, J. - Walker, L. (1975), Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Tyler, T. (1987), "Conditions Leading to Value-Expressive Effects in Judgments of Procedural Justice: A Test of Four Models", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 52, No. 2, p. 333-344.
  • Tyler, T. - Blader, S. (2000), Cooperation in Groups: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement, Psychology Pres, Philadelphia.
  • Tyler, T. - Lind, E. A. (1992), "A Relational Model of Authority in Groups", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology içinde, M. P. Zanna (Ed.), San Diego, CA:Academic Press, Vol. 25, p. 115-191
  • Warner, C. J. - Hegtvedt, K. - Roman, P. (2005), "Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice: How Experiences With Downsizing Condition Their Impact on Organizational Commitment", Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 68, No. 1, p. 89-102.
  • Wasti, S. A. (2001), "Örgütsel Adalet Kavramı ve Tercüme Bir Ölçeğin Türkçe'de Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi", Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 1, s. 33-50.
  • Yıldırım, F. (2007), "İş Doyumu île Örgütsel Adalet İlişkisi", Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 62, Sayı 1, s. 253-278.
  • Yılmaz, G. (2004), "İnsan Kaynakları Uygulamalarına İlişkin Örgütsel Adalet Algısının Çalışanların Tutum ve Davranışlarına Etkileri", Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İÜ SBE, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.