TÜRK MEDYASININ 2015 ‘MÜLTECİ KRİZİNE’ BAKIŞI
Suriye krizinin zorunlu göç boyutu 2015 yılında bir milyonu aşan sığınmacının başta Doğu Akdeniz rotasını kullanarak Avrupa kıyılarına ulaşması sonucunda, yeni bir sürece girmiştir. Kamuoyu ve medyanın yoğun dikkatini çeken bu göç hareketi ve ardından yaşanan olaylar sıklıkla ‘Avrupa’nın mülteci krizi’ olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bazı akademisyenlerin ifade ettiği üzere, bu durumun medya ve siyasi söylemde ‘mülteci krizi’ olarak ifade edilmesi, göç olgusunun süregelen siyasileşme ve medyatikleşme süreçlerini değişen koşullar çerçevesinde yeniden kavramsallaştıran bir versiyonudur. Bu çalışma, Suriyeli sığınmacıların bu süreçte Türk medyası tarafından nasıl ele alındığını araştırarak ‘mülteci krizinin medyatikleşmesi’ konusundaki tartışmalara katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada yer alan ampirik bulgular siyasi yelpazede farklı duruşları temsil eden üç gazetenin (Birgün, Hürriyet ve Yeni Akit) Temmuz-Kasım 2015 arası dönemde yayınladığı ilk sayfa haberlerinin içerik analizine dayanmaktadır. Haberlerin içeriğinde konuların kapsamı ve nasıl tanımlandığına vurgu yapılmakta, böylece medyanın, okurlarına ‘mülteci krizi’ hakkında ne düşünmeleri gerektiğini anlatmakta oynadığı rol hakkında bir fikir vermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları yoğun derecede ‘medyatikleşen’ Aylan Kurdi olayının diğer ülkelerde olduğu gibi Türk medyasında da önemli bir söylem kaymasını tetiklediğini göstermektedir. Her üç gazete de ideolojik duruşlarına bakılmaksızın ‘mülteci krizinin’ dış boyutta Avrupa’ya yayılmasına duyarlılık göstermiş, ancak Suriyeli sığınmacıları iç boyutta ilgilendiren sosyo-ekonomik kırılganlıklar, hukuki statü, sosyal entegrasyon gibi konulara minimal düzeyde değinmişlerdir. Buna karşılık, üç gazetenin ‘mülteci krizini’ iç veya dış politika bağlamında çerçevelemesinde önemli farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları analiz döneminde medyada en çok sınır güvenliği ve sınır ihlalleriyle ilgili haberlerin yer aldığını göstermekle birlikte, Suriyeli sığınmacılara yönelik medya anlatılarının güvenlik çerçevesinden çok insani çerçeveye yoğunlaştığını işaret etmektedir.
TURKISH MEDIA’S RESPONSE TO THE 2015 ‘REFUGEE CRISIS’
In 2015 the forced displacement of Syrians entered a newphase with the sharp rise in the numbers of refugees arrivingat Europe’s shores mainly through the Eastern Mediterraneanroute. Grabbing widespread media and public attention, thisunprecedent refugee influx and its surrounding events arecommonly dubbed as ‘Europe’s refugee crisis’, which as somescholars highlight, is a ‘re-contextualised’ version of alreadyexisting processes of politicisation and mediatisation ofimmigration. This paper intends to contribute to the debateon ‘mediatisation of refugee crisis’ by giving an insight on therole of Turkish media in telling its readers what to thinkabout the ‘refugee crisis’ during this period of particularsignificance. The paper relies on a content analysis of frontpage articles from three Turkish newspapers (Birgün, Hürriyetand Yeni Akit) between July and November 2015. By limitingour analysis to ‘small data’, we look closely how thesenewspapers on different sides of the political spectrum reactto the spread of the refugee crisis to Europe and itsimplications on Turkey. We highlight the type of coverage and the definition of issues in this particular media content.Overall, we find that the highly mediatised coverage of theAylan Kurdi incident triggered a significant discursive shift asit has in other national contexts. While all the threenewspapers –regardless of ideological stance– wereresponsive to the spread of the refugee crisis into Europe,news coverage about topics such as socio-economicvulnerabilities of refugees, issues of legal status and socialintegration in the domestic context was minimal within ourperiod of analysis. We also assert that the way the threenewspapers frame the ‘refugee crisis’ especially in relation todomestic or foreign politics shows significant variation.While we find that issues related to border security andborder violations received the most intense coverage duringthe analysis period, we highlight that the coverage isembedded in a humanitarian narrative rather than a securitynarrative.
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