TURKISH MEDIA’S RESPONSE TO THE 2015 ‘REFUGEE CRISIS’

In 2015 the forced displacement of Syrians entered a new phase with the sharp rise in the numbers of refugees arriving at Europe’s shores mainly through the Eastern Mediterranean route. Grabbing widespread media and public attention, this unprecedent refugee influx and its surrounding events are commonly dubbed as ‘Europe’s refugee crisis’, which as some scholars highlight, is a ‘re-contextualised’ version of already existing processes of politicisation and mediatisation of immigration. This paper intends to contribute to the debate on ‘mediatisation of refugee crisis’ by giving an insight on the role of Turkish media in telling its readers what to think about the ‘refugee crisis’ during this period of particular significance. The paper relies on a content analysis of frontpage articles from three Turkish newspapers (Birgün, Hürriyet and Yeni Akit) between July and November 2015. By limiting our analysis to ‘small data’, we look closely how these newspapers on different sides of the political spectrum react to the spread of the refugee crisis to Europe and its implications on Turkey. We highlight the type of coverage and the definition of issues in this particular media content. Overall, we find that the highly mediatised coverage of the Aylan Kurdi incident triggered a significant discursive shift as it has in other national contexts. While all the three newspapers –regardless of ideological stance– were responsive to the spread of the refugee crisis into Europe, news coverage about topics such as socio-economic vulnerabilities of refugees, issues of legal status and social integration in the domestic context was minimal within our period of analysis. We also assert that the way the three newspapers frame the ‘refugee crisis’ especially in relation to domestic or foreign politics shows significant variation. While we find that issues related to border security and border violations received the most intense coverage during the analysis period, we highlight that the coverage is embedded in a humanitarian narrative rather than a security narrative.

TÜRK MEDYASININ 2015 ‘MÜLTECİ KRİZİNE’ BAKIŞI

Suriye krizinin zorunlu göç boyutu 2015 yılında bir milyonu aşan sığınmacının başta Doğu Akdeniz rotasını kullanarak Avrupa kıyılarına ulaşması sonucunda, yeni bir sürece girmiştir. Kamuoyu ve medyanın yoğun dikkatini çeken bu göç hareketi ve ardından yaşanan olaylar sıklıkla ‘Avrupa’nın mülteci krizi’ olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bazı akademisyenlerin ifade ettiği üzere, bu durumun medya ve siyasi söylemde ‘mülteci krizi’ olarak ifade edilmesi, göç olgusunun süregelen siyasileşme ve medyatikleşme süreçlerini değişen koşullar çerçevesinde yeniden kavramsallaştıran bir versiyonudur. Bu çalışma, Suriyeli sığınmacıların bu süreçte Türk medyası tarafından nasıl ele alındığını araştırarak ‘mülteci krizinin medyatikleşmesi’ konusundaki tartışmalara katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada yer alan ampirik bulgular siyasi yelpazede farklı duruşları temsil eden üç gazetenin (Birgün, Hürriyet ve Yeni Akit) Temmuz-Kasım 2015 arası dönemde yayınladığı ilk sayfa haberlerinin içerik analizine dayanmaktadır. Haberlerin içeriğinde konuların kapsamı ve nasıl tanımlandığına vurgu yapılmakta, böylece medyanın, okurlarına ‘mülteci krizi’ hakkında ne düşünmeleri gerektiğini anlatmakta oynadığı rol hakkında bir fikir vermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları yoğun derecede ‘medyatikleşen’ Aylan Kurdi olayının diğer ülkelerde olduğu gibi Türk medyasında da önemli bir söylem kaymasını tetiklediğini göstermektedir. Her üç gazete de ideolojik duruşlarına bakılmaksızın ‘mülteci krizinin’ dış boyutta Avrupa’ya yayılmasına duyarlılık göstermiş, ancak Suriyeli sığınmacıları iç boyutta ilgilendiren sosyo-ekonomik kırılganlıklar, hukuki statü, sosyal entegrasyon gibi konulara minimal düzeyde değinmişlerdir. Buna karşılık, üç gazetenin ‘mülteci krizini’ iç veya dış politika bağlamında çerçevelemesinde önemli farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları analiz döneminde medyada en çok sınır güvenliği ve sınır ihlalleriyle ilgili haberlerin yer aldığını göstermekle birlikte, Suriyeli sığınmacılara yönelik medya anlatılarının güvenlik çerçevesinden çok insani çerçeveye yoğunlaştığını işaret etmektedir.

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