Özgür BALKILIÇ, Fatma Armağan TEKE LLOYD

AKP’NİN SURİYELİ GÖÇMEN SÖYLEMİNİ TÜRKİYE’NİN JEOPOLİTİK SENARYOSUYLA BİRLİKTE OKUMAK

AKP Suriyeli mülteci krizi ile baş etmek için uzun bir süre boyunca açık kapı politikası uygulamasına karşın, 2011-2018 yılları arasında konu üzerine geliştirdiği söylemsel pratiği kafa karıştırıcıydı. Zira, bu söylemsel pratik uluslararası göçkuramları ve pratikleri örüntüsünü tam olarak takip etmiyordu. Aslında AKP için göçmen krizi,Batı’nın ahlaki ve lider lik sorunlarının geniş yansımasının bir ürünüydü. Suriye göçmen krizini uluslararası sistemin bir çöküşünün sonucu olarak okuyan Türkiye’nin dışpolitika pratiklerini temellendirdiği ve meşrulaştırdığıjeopolitik senaryosu AKP’nin görünürde kafa karıştırıcı söylemini kavramamız için bize analitik bir çerçeve sunabilir. Bu makale söz konusu söylemde iki temaya odaklanmaktadır. Birincisi, AKP Suriyeli göçmenleri tanımlarken resmi düzenlemelerde belirtilen herhangi bir statüden ziyade dini temelli bir “misafir” kavramına başvurmaktadır. İkincisi, AKP Suriyeli mülteci krizini, içerisinde Türkiye’ye bir liderlik rolü payesi biçecek şekilde, uluslararasısistemin daha geniş siyasi ve ahlaki bir krizinin bir sonucu olarak ele almaktadır.

READING THE AKP’S DISCOURSE ON SYRIAN MIGRANTS FROM THE LENS OF TURKEY’S GEOPOLITICAL SCRIPT

Although AKP employed an open door policy in dealing with Syrian refugee crisis, the way that it shaped its discursive lexicon is puzzling. AKP’s discourse does not easily overlap with familiar theories and practices of international migration. Rather for AKP, this crisis was an indication of a broad range problems in the international system, extending from the categorization of migrants to the problems of morality and leadership. As such, Turkey’s geopolitical script might provide analytical insights to comprehend AK’s seemingly confusing and extended discourse. Specifically, this article focused on two themes in this discourse. First, AKP has utilized a religious based definition of “guest” to refer to Syrian migrants rather than any statuses specified in official regulations. Second, AKP reads the Syrian refugee crisis as a repercussion of larger political and moral crises of the international system, in which it demarcates a leadership role for Turkey.

PDF

___

Akdoğan, Yalçın (2016), “Kimse Elini Taşın Altına Koymuyor”, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/akdogandan-abye-kimse-elini-tasin-altina-koymuyor-40101907 (10.05.2016).
Ala, Efkan (2016), “Yarar Gördüğümüz Suriyelileri Türk Vatandaşlığına Alacağız”, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/efkan-ala-yarar-gordugumuz-suriyelileri-turk-vatandasligina-alacagiz-37307965 (12.07.2016).
Başkan, Birol (2018), “Islamism and Turkey’s Foreign Policy During the Arab Spring”, Turkish Studies, 19 (2): 264-288.
Bilgin, Pınar ve Ali Bilgiç (2011), “Turkey's ‘New’ Foreign Policy Toward Eurasia”, Eurasian Geography and Economics, 52 (2): 173-195.
Bilgin, Pınar (2004), “A Return to ‘Civilisational Geopolitics’ in the Mediterranean? Changing Geopolitical Images of the European Union and Turkey in the Post-Cold War Era”, Geopolitics 9 (2): 269-291.
Campbell, David (1990), “Global Inscription: How Foreign Policy Constitutes the United States”, Alternatives, 15 (3): 263-86.
Çavuşoğlu, Mevlüt (2015), “Hayvan mı Seçiyorsunuz?” https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/cavusogludan-avrupaya-hayvan-mi-seciyorsunuz (06.10.2015).
Çınar, Menderes (2018), “Turkey’s ‘Western’or ‘Muslim’Identity and AKP’s Civilizational Discourse’, Turkish Studies, 19 (2): 176-97.
Dalby, Simon ve Gearóid Ó’Tuathail (2002), “Introduction: Rethinking Geopolitics: Towards A Critical Geopolitics”, Dalby, Simon ve Gearóid Ó’Tuathail (Der.), Rethinking Geopolitics (London: Routledge): 13-27.
Dalby, Simon (1991), “Critical Geopolitics: Discourse, Difference, and Dissent”, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9 (3): 261-283.
Davutoğlu, Ahmet (1994), “The Clash of Interests: An Explanation of the World [Dis]order”, Intellectual Discourse, 2 (2): 107-30.
Davutoğlu, Ahmet (2001), Stratejik Derinlik: Türkiye'nin Uluslararası Konumu (İstanbul: Küre Yayınları).
Davutoğlu, Ahmet (2015), “Turkey cannot Deal with the Refugee Crisis Alone”, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/09/turkey-refugee-crisis-christian-fortress-europe (09.09.2015).
Davutoğlu, Ahmet (2016), “Tek Tek Elimizde Rusya’nın Attığı Her Bombanın Nereye Düştüğünün Bilgisi Var”, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/basbakan-davutoglu-tek-tek-elimizde-rusyanin-attigi-her-bombanin-nereye-dustugunun-bilgisi-var-40052062 (09.02.2016).
Dodds, Klaus-John (1993), “Geopolitics, Experts and the Making of Foreign Policy”, Area, 25 (1): 70-74.
Dodds, Klaus-John (1994), “Geopolitics and Foreign Policy: Recent Developments in Anglo-American Political Geography and International Relations”, Progress in Human Geography, 18 (2): 186-208.
Düvell, Franck (2018), “The 2015 Refugee Crisis, EU-Turkey Relations and Migration Diplomacy,” “Who Counts in Crises? The New Geopolitics of International Migration and Refugee Governance”, Geopolitics, 23 (1): 217-243.
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (2015a), Türkiye Onurlu Mücadelesinde Yalnız Bırakıldı”, https://www.milliyet.com.tr/siyaset/onurlu-mucadelede-yalniz-birakildik-2150631 (19.11.2015).
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (2015b), “Bu Fotoğrafı Görünce Yıkıldım”, https://www.milliyet.com.tr/siyaset/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-o-fotografi-gorunce-yikildim-2112481 (04.02.2015).
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (2016), “Aylan Bebeğe Kadar Neredeydiniz?”, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-ortak-tavri-sergileyemedik-40094668 (27.04.2016).
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (2017), “Erdoğan Konuştu, Querasma Dikkatle Dinledi”, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/erdogan-konustu-quaresma-dikkatle-dinledi-40682352 (18.12.2017).
Gökalp-Aras, N. Ela ve Zeynep Şahin-Mencütek (2106), “From Assertive to Opportunist Usage of Mass Migration for Foreign and Asylum Policy: Turkey’s Response to the Refugees from Syria”, Sirkeci, İbrahim ve Barbara Push (Der.), Turkish Migration Policy (London: TP London): 91-127.
Greenhill, Kelly M (2010), Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
Handy, Nathaniel (2011), “Turkey’s Shifting Relations With Its Middle East Neighbors During the Davutoğlu Era: History, Power and Policy”, Bilgi University Journal, 23: 61-85.
İçduygu, Ahmet (2000), “The Politics of International Migratory Regimes: Transit Migration Flows in Turkey”, International Social Science Journal, 52 (165): 357-367.
İçduygu, Ahmet ve Eleni Diker (2017), “Labor Market Integration of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: From Refugees to Settlers”, The Journal of Migration Studies, 3 (1): 12-35.
Kirişci, Kemal (2005), “A Friendlier Schengen Visa System as a Tool of ‘Soft Power’: The Experience of Turkey”, European Journal of Migration and Law 7 (4): 343-367.
Kirişçi, Kemal (2014), Syrian Refugees and Turkey’s Challenges (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution).
Kuus, Merje (2017), “Critical Geopolitics”, https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-137 (23.06.2020).
Kurtulmuş, Numan (2016a), “Dünyanın Yesevi’nin Çizgisine İhtiyacı Var”, https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/yesevinin-cizgisine-ihtiyaci-var-2423294 (26.02.2016).
Kurtulmuş, Numan (2016b), “Avrupa’nın Mülteci Tedbirleri Beyhude Bir Çabadır”, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/basbakan-yardimcisi-kurtulmus-avrupanin-multeci-tedbirleri-beyhude-bir-cabadir/660823 (08.10.2016).
Mitchell, Christopher (1989), “International Migration, International Relations and Foreign Policy”, International Migration Review, 23 (3): 681-708.
O’Tuathail, Gearóid Ó. ve John Agnew (1992), “Geopolitics and Discourse: Practical Geopolitical Reasoning in American Foreign Policy”, Political Geography, 11 (2): 190-204.
Özerim, Mehmet Gökay (2018), “Stretching, Opening or Sealing the Borders: Turkish Foreign Policy Conceptions and their Impact on Migration, Asylum and Visa Policies”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 20 (2): 165-182.
“Özhaseki, Mehmet (2016), Başka Ülke Perişan Olurdu”, https://m.yeniakit.com.tr/kart/haber/ozhaseki-baska-ulke-perisan-olurdu-206487.html (27.08.2016).
Saraçoğlu, Cenk ve Özhan Demirkol (2015), “Nationalism and Foreign Policy Discourse in Turkey Under AKP Rule: Geography, History and National Identity”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 42 (3): 301-319.
Teitelbaum, Micheal (1984), “Immigration, Refugees, and Foreign Policy”, International Organization, 38 (3): 429-450.
Tolay, Juliette (2016), “Mass Migration and Images of State Power: Turkey’s Claim to the Status of a Responsible Rising Power”, Rising Powers Quarterly, 1 (2): 135-149.
Yanık, Lerna K. (2011), “Constructing Turkish ‘Exceptionalism’: Discourses of Liminality and Hybridity in Post-Cold War Turkish Foreign Policy”, Political Geography, 30 (2): 80-89.
Yeşiltaş, Murat (2013), “The Transformation of the Geopolitical Vision in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Turkish Studies, 14 (4): 661-687.
Yıldırım, Binali (2017a), “Suriyelilerin 976 Bini Okul Çağındaki Çocuklardan Oluşuyor”, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gunun-basliklari/basbakan-yildirim-suriyelilerin-976-bini-okul-cagindaki-cocuklardan-olusuyor/1005707 (15.12.2017).
Yıldırım, Binali (2017b), “Sadece İnsanlar Ölmüyor İnsanlık da Ölüyor”, https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/istanbul/basbakan-yildirim-bm-etkin-rol-alamiyorsa-insanlik-da-oluyor-demektir-12418716 (22.11.2017).