Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde Sikkeler Işığında Thyateira’da Agon’lar

Bu makalede Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Thyateira sikkelerindeki agonistik tipler ve sikkeler aracılığıyla kentte düzenlenen agon’lar incelenmektedir. Sikkelerin yanı sıra epigrafik belgelerden de faydalanarak Thyateira’da düzenlenen agon’lara değinilmektedir. Agonistik tipler ilk olarak Elagabalus sikkelerinde görülmektedir ve çeşitli tipler mevcuttur. Bu sikkeler arasında ödül tacının olduğu seriler yoğunluktadır. Ödül tacı, bazı serilerde tek olarak; bazı serilerde ise bir masa üzerinde betimlenmektedir; Iulia Soaemias’a ait bir sikkede ise Apollon Tyrimnaios, ödül tacını elinde tutmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra Elagabalus sikkelerinde, Apollon Tyrimnaios ile imparator tokalaşırken, ödül tacının aralarında yer aldığı seriler de mevcuttur. Benzer bir betim Annia Aurelia Faustina’ya ait bir seride Tykhe ile imparatorun tokalaştığı sikkelerde de görülmektedir. Bunların dışında Elagabalus sikkelerinde amphora ve içerisinde iki palmiye dalının olduğu seri de mevcuttur. Severus Alexander, I. Philippus ve Valerianus sikkelerinde görülen tipler ise, Elagabalus sikkelerinde görülen tiplerin devamı niteliğindedir. Kentte düzenlenen en önemli agon’lardan biri MS III. yüzyılda Elagabalus zamanında gerçekleşen Augousteia’dır ve sikkelerin lejandlarında bu agon’un ismi yer almaktadır. Thyateira’da Apollon Tyrimnaios adına yapılan Tyrimneia ve Asklepieia festivali gibi yerel festivaller de düzenlenmiştir. Makaledeki katalog genel itibariyle yayımlanmış kataloglardaki sikkelerden oluşmaktadır. Fakat Aydın Müzesi koleksiyonuna, Aydın’ın Söke ilçesinden satın alma yoluyla kazandırılmış bir sikke ise bu makale kapsamında yayımlanmaktadır.

Agones at Thyateira in the Light of Coins in the Roman Imperial Period

This article is about the agonistic types minted at Thyateira during the Roman Imperial Period and the agones organized in the city through the means of these coins. Agones organized at Thyateira are mentioned based on epigraphic documents as well as coins. Agonistic types are first attested in the reign of Elagabalus with some variety. Among these types, series with a prize crown are frequent. The prize crown depicted alone in some of the series; in some other series depicted on a table. One coin of Iulia Soaemias depicts Apollon Tyrimnaios holding the prize crown in his hand. In addition to this there are also series coins of Elagabalus the prize crown is placed between the emperor and Apollon Tyrimnaios handshaking. A similar depiction is also found on the coins of Annia Aurelia Faustina with Tyche and the emperor shaking hands. In addition, coins of Elagabalus have a series with an amphora with two palm fronds in it. Types attested on the coins of Severus Alexander, Philippus I and Valerianus seem to continue the types of Elagabalus. One of the most important agones held in the city was the Augousteia, which took place during the reign of Elagabalus, in the third century AD, and Augousteia agones’s name is inscribed in the coin legends. Local festivals, such as Tyrimneia held for Apollon Tyrimnaios and Asklepieia, were also organized at Thyateira. The catalogue given in the article comprises specimens from published catalogues; however, one coin acquired through purchase from Söke by the Aydın Museum is also published herewith.

PDF

___

Adalya Koç Üniversitesi Suna & İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi Yıllığı.
Aiello Coll. Aiello Collection John Aiello Collection of Roman Egyptian coins, also: antiquities, Roman coins, medieval coins.
Aneziri S. 2014, “Greek Strategies of Adaptation to the Roman World: The Case of The Contests”. Mnemosyne 67/3, 423-442.
ANS American Numismatic Society. NY, USA.
Arkeoloji Dergisi, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
Aydın Arkeoloji Müzesi Koleksiyonu
BCH Bulletin de correspondence hellénique.
Benda-Weber I. 2013, “Textile Production Centres, Products and Merchants in the Roman Province of Asia”. An Offprint of Making Textiles in PreRoman and Roman Times People, Places, Identities. Eds. M. Gleba & J. Pásztókai-Szeőke, Ancient Textiles Series 13, 171-191.
Bennett R. 2014, Local Elites and Local Coinage. Elite Self-Representation on the Provincial Coinage of Asia, 31 BC to AD 275. London.
Blanco-Pérez A. 2016, “Nomenclature and Dating in Roman Asia Minor: (M.) Aurelius/A And The 3rdCentury AD”. ZPE 199, 271-293.
Blanco-Pérez A. 2018, “EPINIKIA: Celebrating RomanVictory in the Eastern Provinces of the Empire”. Tyche 33, 9-41.
BMC Lydia 1964, Head B. V. Catalogue of Greek Coins Lydia, Bologna.
Head B. V. 1964, Catalogue of Greek Coins Lydia. Bologna.
Boatwright M. T. 2000, Hadrian and Cities and The Roman Empire. New Jersey.
Burrell B. 2004, Neokoroi. Greek Cities and Roman Emperors. Leiden, Boston.
B. Peus Dr. Busso Peus Nachfolger Auction House.
Chiron Mitteilungen der Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts.
CIG Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. Ed. A. Boeckhius, Berlin (1828-1877).
CNG Classical Numismatic Group Inc. Lancaster and London. E.A.: Electronic Auction; Triton: printed auction.
Çokbankir N. 2010, Yazıtlar Işığında Roma İmparatorluk Çağı Küçük Asya Agonları ve Sporcuları. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi. Antalya.
Dönmez-Öztürk F. 2006, Roma Çağı Küçükasya Kentleri Arasında: Homonoia Anlaşmaları. İstanbul.
Dressel H. 1904, “Erwerbungen des Königlichen Münzcabinet in den Jahren 1898-1900 (antike Münzen)”. ZfN 24, 33-37.
Erol-Özdizbay A. 2011, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde Pontus- Bithynia Eyaleti’nde Agon’lar ve Agonistik Sikkeler. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi. İstanbul.
Erol-Özdizbay A. 2012, “Perge Sikkelerinde Agonistik Ödül Taçları”. Adalya XV, 203-221.
Erol-Özdizbay A. 2018, “Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde Byzantion’da Agonistik Festivaller”. Eds. M. Arslan & F. Baz. A. Vedat ÇELGİN’in 68. Doğum Günü Onuruna Makaleler. İstanbul, 357-381.
Fauconnier B. 2018, Ecumenical synods: The associations of athletes and artists in Roman Empire. Amsterdam.
Franke P. R & Karola-Nollé M. 1997, Die Homonoia-Munzen Kleinasiens und der thrakischen Randgebiete. I Katalog. Düsseldorf .
Franke P. R. 2007, Roma Dönemi’nde Küçükasya. Sikkelerin Yansımasında Yunan Yaşamı. Çev. N. Baydur & B. Theis-Baydur. İstanbul.
GHN Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger, Munich, Germany.
GMGM Gorny & Mosch Giessener Münzhandlung Auction House.
Gökyıldırım, T. 2016, İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Lydia Sikkeleri Kataloğu. İstanbul.
Harl K. W. 1987, Civic Coins and Civic Politics in the Roman East A.D. 180-275. London.
Hauck & Aufhäuser Numismatics, Munich; taken over by Künker. Osnabrück.
Heidelberger Münzhanlung a. Herbert Grün e. K, Heidelberg. Deutschland.
Hellenica: recueil d'épigraphie de numismatique et d'antiquités grecques.
IG Inscriptiones Graecae.
IGR IV 1975, Lafaye G. Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes. Inscriptiones Asiae II, Band IV .
IK 24.1 Smyrna 1987, G. Petzl, Inschriften Griechischer Staedte aus Kleinasien. Band 24.1: Die Inschriften von Smyrna. Teil II.1. Bonn.
JRS Journal of Roman Studies.
Karl H. 1975, Numismatische Beiträge zum Festwesen der kleinasiatischen und nordgriechischen Städte im 2./3. Jahrhundert. Saarbrücken.
Klose D. O. A. 2005, “Festivals and Games In The Cities of The East During The Roman Empire”. Eds. C. Howgego, V. Heuchert & A. Burnett. Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces, 125-133.
Kölner, Kölner Münzkabinett. Cologne, Germany.
König J. 2005, Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire. Cambridge.
Kraft, K. 1972, Das System der Kaiserzeitlichen Münzprägung in Kleinasien. Materialien und Entwürfe (Istanbuler Forschungen Band 26). Berlin.
Lämmer M. 1967, Olympien und Hadrianeen im antiken Ephesos. Köln.
Leschhorn W. 1997, “Ancient Grek Coins and Agones”. NomKhron 16, 87-94.
Magie D. 1950, Roman Rule in Asia Minor: to the end of the Third Century After Christ, I–II. Princeton.
McClean Collection 1929, Catalogue of the McClean Collection of Greek Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum I-III.
Mitchell S. 1990, “Festivals, Games and Civic Life in Roman Asia Minor”. JRS 80, 183-193.
Mitchell S. 1993, Anatolia: Land, Men and Gods in Asia Minor, Vol. I Oxford.
Mionnet, T. E. 1809, Description de Médailles antiques, grecques et romaines. Tome IV. Paris.
Mnemosyne A Journal of Classical Studies.
Moretti L. 1953, Iscrizioni Agonistiche Greche. Roma.
Münsterberg R. 1973, Die Beamtennamen auf den griechischen Münzen, geographisch und alphabetisch geordnet, 3 Teile und Nachtrag in einem Band, 1973, Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim ve New York. Ed. H. Engelmann - R.Merkelbach III.Subsidia Epigraphica, Quellen und Abhandlungen zur griechischen Epigraphik.
Naumann Numismatik Naumann (formerly Gitbud & Naumann), Auction House, Vienna, Austria.
Newby Z. 2005, Greek Athletics In The Roman World:Victory and Virtue, New York.
NAC Numismatica Ars Classica AG. London.
NomKhron Nomismatika Khronika.
OGIS Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae (Dittenberger).
Önder M. 2014, Manisa Müzesi’ndeki Lydia Bölgesi Şehir Sikkeleri. Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Yayın No.: 188. İzmir.
PCPS Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society.
Pleket H.W. 2010, “Games, Prizes, Athletes and Ideology”. Ed. J. König, Greek Athletics. Edinburg University Press, 145-174.
Price S. R. F. 2004, Küçük Asya’da Roma İmparatorluk Kültü: Ritüel ve İktidar. Çev.: T. Esin. İstanbul.
RE Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft.
Remijsen S. 2011, “The So-Called "Crown-Games": Terminology and Historical Context of the Ancient Categories for Agones”. ZPE 177, 97-109.
RE Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft.
Robert L. 1948, “Inscriptions de Thyatire”. Hellenica VII, 70-79.
Robert L. 1982, “Documents d’Asie Mineure”. BCH, 309–378.
RPC VI Calomino D. & Burnett A. (2017), Roman Provincial Coinage, Volume VI, From Elagabalus to Maximinus Thrax (AD 218-238) Asia Minor and Eygpt (online). https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/search/browse?volume_id=11.
Rumscheid J. 2000, Kranz und Krone, Zu Insignien Siepespreisen und Ehrenzeichen der römischen Kaiserzeit (IstForsch 43). Tübingen
Salzmann D. 1998,“Kaiserzeitliche Denkmäler mit Preiskronen. Agonistische Siegespreise als Zeichen Privater und öffentlicher Selbstdarstellung”. Stadion 24/1, 89-99.
Savoca Savoca Numismatik GmbH & Co. KG. Munich, Germany.
Scanlon T. F. 2002, Eros & Greek Athletics. Oxford.
Schmitt J. 1943 “Tyrimneia”. RE VII/2, 1867-1868.
SDÜ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi.
SNG Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum.
SNG v Aulock Lydien 1963, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Deutschland: Sammlung H. Von Aulock, Lydien, Berlin.
SNG Cop Lydia 1947, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum: The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Danish National Museum, Lydia. Kopenhag.
SNG Hunterian I 2004, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Volume XII. The Hunterian Museum Univeristy of Glasgow. Part I: Roman Provincial Coins Spain-Kingdoms of Asia Minor. Oxford.
SNG Leypold I 2000, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Österreich. Sammlung Leypold, Kleinasiatische Münzen der Kaiserzeit. Band I: Pontus- Lydien. Wien.
SNG München Lydien 1997, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum: Deutschland Staatliche, Münzsammlung München 23 heft: Lydien. München.
SNG Tübingen Lydien 1994, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen V: Karien und Lydien, München.
Sparwforth A. J. S 1989, “Agonistic Festivals in Roman Greece”. Eds. S. Walker & A. Cameron, The Greek Renaissance in the Roman Empire (Bulletin Supplement 55). London.
Stadion: Internationale Zeitschrift für Geschichte des Sports – International Journal of the History of Sport – Revue Internationale d’Histoire du Sport.
TAM V, 2 1989, Herrmann P. Tituli Asiae Minoris V: Tituli Lydiae linguis M Graeca et Latina conscripti, II: Regio Septentrionalis ad Orientem Vergens.
Tyche Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie und Epigraphik Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy.
Tzachili I. 2012, “Weawing, Dress and Technical Developments in Roman Era Greece”. Eds. I. Tzachili & E. Zimi, Textiles and Dress in Greece and The Roman East A Technological and Social Approach. Athens, 11-22.
Uzunaslan A. 2005, “Aphrodisias Agonları”. SDÜ 13, 37-68.
Uzunaslan A. 2008, “Side’de Agonistik Festivaller”. Arkeoloji Dergisi XI, 117-128.
van Bremen R. 1996, The Limits of Participation: Women and civic life in the Greek East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Amsterdam.
van Nijf O. 1999, “Athletics, Festivals and Greek İdentity in The Roman East”. PCPS 45, 176-200.
van Nijf O. 2001,“Local Heroes: Athletics, Festivals and Elite self – fashioning in the Roman East”. Ed. S. Goldhill, Being Greek und Rome. Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic and the Development of Empire. Cambridge University Press, 306-334.
Weiss P. 1995, “Hadrian in Lydien”. Chiron 25, 213-224.
Viyana KHM Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum.
Winterthur, B. H. 1987, Griechische Münzen in Winterthur, Vol. 2. Winterthur.
Zimmerman C. 2002, Handwerkervereine im griechischen Osten des Imperium Romanum (Monographien des Römisch- Germanischen Zentralmuseums 57). Mainz.
Ziegler R. 1985, Städtisches Prestige und kaiserliche Politik. Studien zum Festwesen in Ostkilikien im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert n.Chr. Düsseldorf Schwann.
Zfn Zeitschrift für Numismatik
ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik.
RPC online http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
Coin Archives http://coinarchives.com
(http://numismatics.org/search/results?q=thyateira&start=60)