Balık Çiftliği Atık Çamuru Uygulanan Turunç Çöğürlerinde Yaprak Besin Element Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Çalışmanın amacı, alabalık üretim havuzlarında ortaya çıkan sedimantasyon ürünü atık çamurunun turunç (Citrus aurantium L.) çöğürü yetiştiriciliğinde bitki besin elementleri içeriğine etkisini ve bitki beslemede, mineral gübre yerine ikame edilebilirliğini belirlemektir. Alabalık yetiştirme çiftliği havuzundan toplanan atık çamur, önce gölgede kurutulmuş, daha sonra 0, 5, 10 ve 20 g kg-1 dozlarında, turunç bitkilerinin bulunduğu saksı harç ortamına karıştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, her farklı atık dozu için; 0, %50 ve %100 doz olmak üzere 3 farklı Hoagland besin solüsyonu uygulanmıştır.Yapraklarda N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn ve Cu besin elementleri belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan atık dozları kontrole göre, N, Zn ve Cu kapsamını genel olarak önemli düzeyde arttırmıştır. Hoagland solüsyonunun farklı doz uygulamalarında ise; N, K ve Zn kapsamları kontrole göre artmış, fakat Fe ve Na azalmıştır. Atık dozu ile Hoagland dozlarının birlikte kullanıldığı kombinasyonlarda N: %1.40 – 4.64; P: %0.22 – 0.34, K: %0.47 – 2.61, Ca: %2.35 – 3.07, Mg: %0.28 – 0.34, Na: 158 – 664 mg kg-1, Fe: 73.3 – 126.7 mg kg-1, Zn: 23.3 – 46.3 mg kg-1, Mn: 9.3 – 30.7 mg kg-1 ve Cu: 2.0 – 19.7 mg kg-1 aralığında belirlenmiştir.Sonuç olarak balık atığı, turunç bitkilerinde beslenmeyi olumlu yönde etkilemiş, aynı zamanda Hoagland solüsyonu ile genellikle benzer sonuçlar vermiştir. Bu nedenle başta organik tarım olmak üzere bitki yetiştiriciliğinde, tek başına veya mineral gübreler ile karışım halinde, gübre kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.

Determination of Nutrient Element Contents in Sour Orange Seedling Leaves after the Application with Fish Farm Sludge

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of trout pool sedimentation wastes treatments on leaf nutrient contents in sour orange seedlings and subtitution chance in comparison to mineral fertilizers in plant nutrition. The waste sludge collected from the farming pond was firstly air dried and 0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg-1 doses of waste material applied to sour orange seedling pots. At the same time, for each different solid waste doses, three different hoagland nutrient solutions were applied as 0, 50% and 100% doses. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu contents were determined as leaf nutrients in the study. According to the results, waste applications increased significantly N, Zn and Cu contents of leaf in comparison to the control. In different dose applications of Hoagland solution resulted as increase in N, K and Zn contents but decreased Fe and Na contents in comparison to the control. Application of waste and Hoagland combination doses determinations resulted as N: 1.40-4.64%, P: 0.22-0.34%, K: 0.47- 2.61%, Ca: 2.35-3.07%, Mg: 0.28-0.34%, Na: 158-664 mg kg-1, Fe: 73.3 - 126.7 mg kg-1, Zn: 23.3 - 46.3 mg kg-1, Mn: 9.3 - 30.7 mg kg-1 and Cu: 2.0 - 19.7 mg kg-1. As a result, fish sludge effect nutrients positively in sour orange seedling plants. Generally, the waste and Hoagland solution gave similar results. For this reason, it is evaluated that it can be used as a fertilizer source either alone, especially in organic farming, or in combination with mineral fertilizers in conventional farming.

PDF

___

Anonim (1989) SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT User’s Guide: Version 6.0 Ed., SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
Adiloğlu A, Açıkgöz FE, Adiloğlu S, Solmaz Y (2016) Artan Miktarlarda Akuakültür Atığı Uygulamasının Salata (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa) Bitkisinin Bazı Makro ve Mikro Bitki Besin Elementi İçerikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 13: 96-101.
Adler PR, Summerfelt ST, Glenn DM, Takeda F (2003) Mechanistic Approach to Phytoremediation of Water. Ecological Engineering 20: 251–264.
Akat H, Demirkan ÇG, Yokaş İ (2013) Atık Su Arıtma Çamurlarının Süs Bitkisi Yetiştiriciliğinde Kullanımı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 27: 129- 141.
Arienzo M, Christen EW, Quayle W, Kumar A (2009) A Review of the Fate of Potassium in the Soil–Plant System after Land Application of Wastewaters. Journal of Hazardous Materials 164:415-422.
Aşık BB, Katkat AV, Aydınalp C, Bıyıklı M (2010) Arıtma Çamurlarının Tarımsal Özellikleri ve Ağır Metal İçerikleri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Özel Sayı 5. Bitki Besleme ve Gübre Kongresi Bildirileri, 15-17 Eylül 2010, İzmir, 580-585.
Brod E., Haraldsen TK, Breland TA (2012) Fertilization Effects of Organic Waste Resources and Bottom Wood Ash: Result from a Pot Experiment. Agricultural and Food Science 21:332-347.
Celis J, Sandoval M, Barra R (2008) Plant Response to Salmon Wastes Sewage Sludge Used as Organic Fertilizer on Two Degraded Soils Under Greenhouse Conditions. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 68:274-283.
Celis J, Sandoval M (2010) Agricultural Potential of Salmon Wastes Used as Organic Fertilizer on Two Chilean Degraded Soils. 19th World Congress of Soil Science: Soil Solutions for a Changing World, 1– 6 August 2010, Brisbane, 2256-2259.
Delibacak S, Ongun AR (2016) Influence of Treated Sewage Sludge Applications on Corn and Second Crop Wheat Yield and Some Properties of Sandy Clay Soil. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 21: 1-9, doi: 10.17557/tjfc.88475.
Demir K., Çakırer G (2014) Akuaponik Kültür. Tarım Gündem Dergisi 23: 32-34.
Demirkan GÇ, Akat H, Yağmur B (2017) Farklı Atık Materyallerin Matthiola incana 'Iron Rose' Yetiştiriciliğine Etkisi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 30: 173-178.
Eid AR, Hoballah EM, Mosa SEA (2014) Sustainable Manegement of Drainage Water of Fish Farms in Agriculture as a New Source for Irrigation and Bio- Source for Fertilizing. Agricultural Sciences 5: 730- 742.
Graber A, Junge R (2009) Aquaponic Systems: Nutrient Recycling from Fish Wastewater by Vegetable Production. Desalination 246: 147–156.
Illera-Vives M, Labandeira SS, Brito LM, Lopez-Fabal A, Lopez-Mosquera ME (2015a) Evaluation of Compost from Seaweed and Fish Waste as a Fertilizer for Horticultural Use. Scientia Horticulturae 186: 101- 107.
Illera-Vives M, Lopez-Fabal A, Lopez-Mosquera ME, Ribeiro HM (2015b) Mineralization Dynamics in Soil Fertilized with Seaweed–Fish Waste Compost. Journal of the Science Food and Agriculture 95: 3047–3054.
Jones Jr, Benton J, Wolf B, Mills HA (1991) Plant Analysis Handbook. I. Methods of Plant Analysis and Interpretation. Micro-Macro Publishing, Athens.
Kacar B (1972) Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri II. Bitki Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 453- Uygulama Kılavuzu 155, Ankara.
Koo RCJ, Anderson CA, Stewart I, Tucker DPH, Calvert DV, Wutscher HK (1984) Recommended Fertilizers and Nutritional Sprays for Citrus (Editor: R.C.J. Koo). Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. University of Florida, Florida.
Mills AH, Jones JB (1996) Plant Analysis Handbook II, A Pratical Sampling, Preparation, Analysis and Interpreparetion Guide, Micro Macro Publishing, Athens, Georgia.
Moccia R, Bevan D, Reid G (2007) Composition of Fecal Waste from Commercial Trout Farms in Ontario: Macro and Micro Nutrient Analyses and Recommendations for Recycling. Final Report Submitted to the: Ontario Sustainable Aquaculture Working Group Environment Canada. Aquaculture Centre University of Guelph.
Nair J, Seckiozoic T, Anda M (2006) Effect of pre- Composting on Vermicomposting of Kitchen Waste. Bioresource Technology 97: 2091-2095.
Naylor SJ, Moccia RD, Durant GM (1999) The Chemical Composition of Settleable Solid Fish Waste (Manure) from Commercial Rainbow Trout Farms in Ontario, Canada. North American Journal of Aquaculture 61:21–26.
Palada MC, Cole WM, Crossman SMA (1999) Influence of Effluents from Intensive Aquaculture and Sludge on Growth and Yield of Bell Peppers. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 14: 85–103.
Pereira BFF, He ZL, Stoffella PJ, Melfi AJ (2011) Reclaimed Wastewater: Effects on Citrus Nutrition. Agricultural Water Management 98:1828-1833.
Rakocy JE, Shultz RC, Bailey DS, Thoman ES (2004) Aquaponic Production of Tilapia and Basil: Comparing a Batch and Staggered Cropping System. Acta Horticulturae 648: 63–69.
Rebecca LJ, Anbuselvi S, Medok P, Sarkar D (2014) Effect of Marine Waste on Seed Germination. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 6:581-584.
Smith PF (1966) Leaf Analysis of Citrus, In: Childers, N.F. (Ed.), Fruit Nutrition Horticultural Publish, New Jersey, pp: 208-228.
Smith JH (1985) Fertilizing Agricultural Land with Rainbow Trout Manura for Growing Silage Corn. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49:131-134.
Sola LG, Sánchez FG, Pérez JGP, Gimeno V, Navarro JM, Moral R, Nicolás JJM, Nieves M (2015) Rapid Estimation of Nutritional Elements on Citrus Leaves by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy.Frontiers in Plant Science, 23 July 2015 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00571. Erişim Tarihi: 01/05/2017.
Tuna AL, Bürün B, Yokas İ (2012) Kireçle İşlem Görmüş Kentsel Atık Suların Toprağın pH, EC ve Elementel Kapsamı ile Mısır Bitkisinin (Zea mays) Beslenme Durumu, Bazı Fizyolojik Özellikleri ve Verimi Üzerine Etkileri. Ekoloji 21: 66-73.doi: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.848
Uzun P, Bilgili U (2011) Arıtma Çamurlarının Tarımda Kullanılma Olanakları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 25:135-146.
Wang X, Olsen LM, Reitan KI, Olsen Y (2012) Discharge of Nutrient Wastes from Salmon Farms: Environmental Effects, and Potential for Integrated Multi-trophic aquaculture. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 2:267-283.
Yıldız E, Kaplankıran M, Uygur V (2016) Farklı Anaçlar Üzerine Aşılı Fremont Mandarini Yapraklarındaki Bitki Besin Maddelerinin Mevsimsel Değişimleri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21: 21-30.