Derya ATAMTÜRK, İzzet DUYAR

5819

Tlos (Seydikemer, Muğla) Kazılarında Ortaya Çıkartılan Orta Bizans Dönemi İskeletlerinde Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı

-

Oral Health Indicators Among Middle Byzantium Period Human Iskeletons From Tlos (Seydikemer, Muğla)

Oral health is an important indicator of general or systemic health. On the other hand, it is well known that oral health is also affected by social, economic, and ecological factors. Thus oral health status and its indicators may be reflected in the condition of a skeletal population. In this study oral health indicators of human skeletons dated to the Middle Byzantine period and unearthed from the Tlos excavations were investigated and sought to answer two specific questions. The preliminary anthropological observations on this skeletal material has already revealed that the population of Tlos was relatively healthy. The answer to the first question is whether it is coincident with the overall health profile to oral health indicators. The second question relates to the prosperity and economic growth that occurred in Byzantine society from 900 to 1200 A.D. and whether this can be traced on the human skeleton. The permanent teeth, their sockets, and jaw fragments of fifty-two human skeletal remains unearthed from Great Bath of Tlos excavation were examined odontologically and paleopathologically. The skeletal material was dated to the 11th and 12th centuries A.D. according to archaeological findings. The analyses included dental caries, abscess, dental wear, dental calculus, hypoplasia, and number of missing teeth (ante-mortem). Our analysis showed that the uncorrected rate of decay for permanent teeth was 8.9% (72/809) and that more than half of the dental caries (55.6%) occur in inter-proximal areas of teeth. A total of 818 teeth and alveolar regions of these teeth were examined in terms of abscess, and a total of nine abscesses (periapical osteitis) were detected. Thus the proportion of this lesion for the community was calculated as 1.1%. The rate of ante-mortem tooth loss (AMTL) among was 7.3%. When all teeth are taken into consideration, the teeth missing most were the first molars. The rate of AMTL among the anterior teeth is obviously low. In 21.9% of the teeth examined, the formation of dental calculus was observed. And as expected, the accumulation in the anterior teeth was greater than those of posterior ones: 41% of the central incisors and 34% of the lateral incisors had tartar. Tooth wear was determined by the technique developed by Smith (1984) for incisors, canines, and premolars, and the scale generated by Scott (1979) for molars. The average wear rate for all teeth examined was found to be 3.05. Hypoplasic lesions were encountered in 37.6% of the teeth observed. The oral health indicators of the Tlos skeletons were compared with other skeletal series dated to the Byzantine period. The comparisons showed that the residents of Tlos were relatively “healthy” in terms of oral health indicators. For example, tooth decay, AMTL, abscess, and tartar were observed to be lower than the compared populations. These findings are in line with previous observations derived from the cranial and post-cranial skeletons of Tlos. In conclusion, the prosperity and socioeconomic conditions of the Middle Byzantine period also played a role in reaching this “healthy” status.
PDF

___

  • Walker – Hewlett P. L. Walker – B. S. Hewlett, “Dental Health Diet and Social Status Among Central African Foragers and Farmers”, American Anthropologist 92, 1990, 383-398.
  • Yavuz – Tunç 2015 M. Yavuz – R. Tunç, “Doğal Yapı: Fauna”, bk.: T. Korkut (ed.), Arkeoloji, Epigrafi, Jeoloji, Doğal ve Kültürel Peyzaj Yapısıyla Tlos Antik Kenti ve Teritoryumu (2015).
  • Yaşar v.d. 2008 Z. F. Yaşar – A. Yiğit – P. Gözlük Kırmızıoğlu – A. Sevim Erol, “Smyrna Agorası İnsanlarının Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı”, ArkST 23, 2008, 127-140.
  • Üstündağ – Demirel 2009 H. Üstündağ – A. Demirel, “Alanya Kalesi İskelet Topluluğunda Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 26, 2009, 219-234.
  • Turner 1979 C. G. II. Turner, “Dental anthropological indications of agriculture among the Jomon people of Central Japan. X. Peopling of the Pacific”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 51, 1979, 619-636.
  • Temple 2015 D. H. Temple, “Caries: the ancient scourge”, bk.: J. D. Irish – G. R. Scott (eds.), A Companion to Dental Anthropology (2015) 443-450.
  • Powell 1985 M. L. Powell, “The analysis of caries and dental wear for dietary reconstruction”, bk.: R. I. Gilbert – J. H. Mielke (eds.), Analysis of Prehistoric Diets. Academic Press, 1985, 307-338.
  • Petersen v.d. 2005 P. E. Petersen – D. Bourgeois – H. Ogawa – S. Estupinan-Day – C. Ndiaye, “The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, 2005, 661-669.
  • Petersen 2003 P. E. Petersen, “The World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous Improvement of Oral Health in the 21st century - The Approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme”, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 1, 2003, 3-24.
  • Paine v.d. 2007 R. R. Paine – R. Vargiu – A. Coppa – C. Morselli – E. E. Schneider, “A health assessment of high status Christian burials recovered from the Roman–Byzantine archaeological site of Elaiussa Sebaste, Turkey”, Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology 58, 2007, 173-190.
  • Molnar – Molnar 1990 S. Molnar – I. M. Molnar, “Dental arch shape and tooth wear variability”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82, 1990, 245-402.
  • Meiklejohn v.d. 1984 C. Meiklejohn – C. Schentag – A. Venema – P. Key, “Socioeconomic change and patterns of pathology and variation in the Mesolithic and Neolithic of Western Europe: some suggestions”, bk.: M. N. Cohen – G. J. Armelagos (eds.), Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture (1984) 75-100.
  • Lieverse 1999 A. R. Lieverse, “Diet and the aetiology of dental calculus”, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 9, 1999, 219-232.
  • Larsen 2002 C. S. Larsen, “Post-Pleistocene human evolution: bioarchaeology of the agricultural transition”, bk.: P. S. Ungar – M. F. Teaford – C. T. West Port (eds.), Human Diet: Its Origin and Evolution (2002) 19-35.
  • Larsen 1995 C. S. Larsen, “Biological changes in human populations with agriculture”, Annual Review of Anthropology 24, 1995, 185-213.
  • Lanfranco – Eggers 2012 L. P. Lanfranco – S. Eggers, “Caries through time: an anthropological overview”, bk.: M. Li (ed.), Contemporary Approach to Dental Caries, Rijeka, Croatia: In Tech (2012) 3-34.
  • Laiou 2002b A. E. Laiou, “The human resources”, bk.: A. E. Laiou (ed.), The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Vol. 1. Dumbarton Oaks Studies 39 (2002) 46-54.
  • Laiou 2002a A. E. Laiou (ed.), The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century. Dumbarton Oaks Studies 39 (2002).
  • Korkut 2015 T. Korkut, “Arkeoloji”, bk.: T. Korkut (ed.), Arkeoloji, Epigrafi, Jeoloji, Doğal ve Kültürel Peyzaj Yapısıyla Tlos Antik Kenti ve Teritoryumu (2015).
  • Kieser v.d. 2001 J. A. Kieser – K. J. Dennison – J. A. Kaidonis – D. Huang – P. G. P. Herbison – N. G. Tayles, “Patterns of dental wear in the early Maori dentition”, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11, 2001, 206-217.
  • Kazhdan – Epstein A. P. Kazhdan – A. W. Epstein, Change in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries (1985).
  • Kaifu 1999 Y. Kaifu, “Changes in the pattern of tooth wear from prehistoric to recent periods in Japan”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 109, 1999, 485-499.
  • İşkan Işık 2003 H. İşkan Işık, “Tlos 2001”, AST 20, 2003, 99-112.
  • Hillson 2014 S. Hillson, Tooth Development in Human Evolution and Bioarchaeology (2014).
  • Hillson 1979 S. Hillson, “Diet and dental disease”, World Archaeology 11, 1979, 147-162.
  • Harvey 1989 A. Harvey, Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900-1200 (1989).
  • Gülşen 2007 F. F. Gülşen, “Wall heating systems in the Roman Period Lycian Baths: The Examples at Patara and Tlos”, Adalya X, 2007, 223-259.
  • Güleç – Duyar 1998 E. Güleç – İ. Duyar, “Panaztepe M.Ö. İkinci Bin ve Roma Dönemi İskeletlerinin Antropolojik Analizi (1985-1990)”, Antropoloji 13, 1998, 179-206.
  • Göktuğ 2015 R. S. Göktuğ, “Doğal yapı: flora”, bk.: T. Korkut (ed.), Arkeoloji, Epigrafi, Jeoloji, Doğal ve Kültürel Peyzaj Yapısıyla Tlos Antik Kenti ve Teritoryumu (2015).
  • Griffin 2014 M. C. Griffin, “Biocultural implications of oral pathology in an ancient Central Californian population”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 154, 2014, 171-188.
  • Eshed vd. 2006 V. Eshed – A. Gopher – I. Hershkovitz, “Tooth wear and dental pathology at the advent of agriculture: new evidence”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130, 2006, 145-159.
  • Erdal 2008 Y. S. Erdal, “Occlusal grooves in anterior dentition among Kovuklukaya inhabitatnts (Sinop, Northern Anatolia, 10th Century AD)”, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 18, 2008, 152-166.
  • Erdal 2003 Y. S. Erdal, “Büyük Saray-Eski Cezaevi Çevresi Kazılarında Gün Işığına Çıkarılan İnsan İskelet Kalıntılarının Antropolojik Analizi”, ArkST, 18, 2003, 15-27.
  • Erdal 1996 Y. S. Erdal, İznik Geç Bizans Dönemi İnsanlarının Çene ve Dişlerinin Antropolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi (Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi 1996).
  • Deter 2009 C. A. Deter, “Gradients of occlusal wear in hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 138, 2009, 247-254.
  • Cheynet 2008 J. C. Cheynet, Bizans Tarihi (2008).
  • Buikstra – Ubelaker 1994 J. E. Buikstra – D. H. Ubelaker (eds.), Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series (1994)
  • Baer – White 1966 P. N. Baer – C. L. White, “Studies on experimental calculus formation in the rat. IX. The effect of varying the protein and fat content of the diet on calculus deposition and alveolar bone loss”, Journal of Periodontology 37.2, 1966, 113-117.
  • Atamtürk – Duyar – Gülşen 2011 D. Atamtürk – İ. Duyar – F. Gülşen, “Tlos iskeletlerinin antropolojik analizi”, ArkST 27, 2011, 331-346.
  • Atamtürk – Duyar 2010 D. Atamtürk – İ. Duyar, “Resuloğlu Erken Tunç Çağı Topluluğunda Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 27, 2010, 33-52.
  • Atamtürk – Duyar 2008 D. Atamtürk – İ. Duyar, “Adramytteion (Örentepe) iskeletlerinde ağız ve diş sağlığı”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 25, 2008, 1-15.
ADALYA-Cover
  • ISSN: 1301-2746
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yıllık
  • Başlangıç: 1996
  • Yayıncı: Koç Üniversitesi AKMED (Suna & İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi)
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Bir Güzellik Nesnesi Olarak Cam Bilezikler: Demre/Myra Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Buluntuları (1989-2016)

Ebru FINDIK

Kireçtaşı, Diyorit ve Radyolarit: Limyra (Güneybatı Türkiye) Buluntusu Pişmiş Toprak Objelerin İlk Petrografik Analizleri

Banu YENER-MARKSTEINER, Lisa PELOSCHEK, Martin SEYER, Philip BES

Doğu Dağlık Kilikia’daki Kırsal Yerleşimlerde Peristyl Avlulu Konutlar

Ümit AYDINOĞLU

Hans-Ulrich Wiblinger, Kyrenia, A Harbour Town of Cyprus, Edition Vividus (2016) Nekar Germany, 200 Pages. ISBN 978-3-9817501-0-2. A New Book about Kyrenia, The Harbour Town of Cyprus

Netice YILDIZ

Tlos (Seydikemer, Muğla) Kazılarında Ortaya Çıkartılan Orta Bizans Dönemi İskeletlerinde Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı

Derya ATAMTÜRK, İzzet DUYAR