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İSVEÇ DEVLET DÜZENİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİ HAKKINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME: REFAHIN YÖNETİMİ

Avrupa’nın en gelişmiş ülkelerinden olan İsveç’i, Türkçe karşılaştırmalı kamu yönetimi alan yazınında doğrudan konu edinen az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Anayasasında sosyal devlet olma ilkesi olan Türkiye için, dünyada bu konuda model kabul edilen İsveç’in kamu yönetimi düzeninin anlaşılması önemlidir. Bu hususları göz önüne alarak yapılan bu betimleyici araştırmada İsveç’in devlet yapısı ve örgütlenmesi ile kamu yönetimine ilişkin unsurları ve STK’ları analiz edilmiştir. Ülkenin güçlü yerel yönetimler-küçük merkezi yönetim ve merkezi yönetimin icrai faaliyetlerinin de özerk kamu ajanslarınca yürütülmesine dayanan düalist kamu yönetimi modeli tipiktir. Ülkenin düalist yapısı üniter bir devlet için sıra dışıdır, federe bir devlet olmayan İsveç refah devletini bir federasyon gibi örgütlemiştir. Ülkede refah devleti uygulamaları ile güçlü yerel yönetimler, STK’larının kamu hizmetlerindeki payını düşürmekte, ancak yaygın örgütlü İsveç STK’ları toplumsal yaşam ve istihdam açısından önemini korumaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İsveç, Refah Devleti, İşlevsel Düalizm, STKlar, Karşılaştırmalı Kamu Yönetimi.

SWEDISH STATE ORDER AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MANAGEMENT OF WELFARE

There is no study about Sweden, which is one of the most developed countries of Europe, among Turkish comparative public administration studies. In this descriptive study, which was made by taking this absence into account, Sweden's state structure and organization, elements of public administration and NGOs were analyzed. Considering the historical developments, it is observed that Sweden is the main role model of the Scandinavian countries that emphasize the welfare state understanding. The dualist model of public administration, which is based on strong local governments-small central government and the executive activities of the central government being carried out by autonomous public agencies, is typical. This dualism is unusual for a unitary state, as Sweden, which is not a federated state, has organized its welfare state like a federation. In the country where the separation of powers is fully in effect, the welfare state understanding and strong local governments reduce the share of NGOs in public services, but the widely organized Swedish NGOs maintain their importance in terms of social life and employment.

Keywords:

Sweden, Welfare State, Functional Dualism, NGOs, Comparative Public Administration.,

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