YABANCI DİL ÖĞRENİMİNDE DİNLEME BECERİSİNİN ÖNEMİ VE YABANCI DİL ÖĞRENENLERİN YAŞADIĞI DİNLEME ANLAMA PROBLEMLERİ: Bİ

Dinleme becerisi hem günlük hayatta hem de akademik ortamlarda oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir çünkü etkili iletişimin temel taşlarından birisi dinleme becerisidir. Dinleme becerisinin iletişim becerileri ve bilişsel yetilerin gelişmesinde çok önemli bir yeri olmasına rağmen uzun yıllar kadar bu beceri yabancı dil eğitimi programlarında yeteri kadar yer almamıştır. Fakat takip eden yıllarda iletişime dayalı dil öğretiminin gittikçe daha popüler olmasıyla dinleme becerisi de yabancı dil eğitimi programlarında hak ettiği yeri almıştır. Dinleme becerisinin öğretimi ile ilgili farklı yöntemler bulunmaktadır fakat her bir yöntemin başarısı biraz da öğrencilerin yaşadığı dinleme anlama problemlerinin göz önünde bulundurulmasına bağlıdır. Bu alanyazın değerlendirmesinin amacı hem dinleme becerisi ile ilgili temel kavramlar ışığında bu becerinin yabancı dil öğretimindeki önemini vurgulamak hem de yabancı dil öğrencileri tarafından yaşanan dinleme problemlerini ilgili literatür ışığında tartışmaktır.

THE IMPORTANCE OF LISTENING IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND LISTENING COMPREHENSION PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY LANGUAGE LEARNERS: A LITERATURE

Listening has an important role both in daily life and in academic contexts as it is crucial for people to sustain effective communication. In spite of the importance of listening in the development of the communicative and cognitive skills, it did not start to take its place in language teaching curriculum for long years. However, in recent years, with the emphasis given in communication in language teaching, listening started to take its long deserved place in language programs. Although there are different perspectives to teaching listening, the success of each perspective somewhat depends on addressing and minimizing the listening comprehension problems experienced by language learners. This literature review aims to review the basic concepts related to the place and importance of listening skill in learning English as second or foreign language, and, in the light of the related literature, it focuses on listening comprehension problems experienced by second and foreign language learners.

PDF

___

Anderson, A. & Lynch, T. (2003). Listening. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Berne, J. E. (2004). Listening comprehension strategies: A review of the literature.
Foreign Language Annals, 37, 521-531.
Blau, E.K. (1990). The effect of syntax, speed and pauses on listening comprehension. TESOL Quarterly, 24(4), 746-753.
Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language and pedagogy. White Plains, NY: Longman.
Brown, S. (2006). Teaching listening. USA: Cambridge University Press. Cahyono, B. Y. & Widiati, U. (2009). The teaching of EFL listening in the Indonesian
context: The state of the art. TEFLIN Journal, 20(2), 194-211.
Chiang, C. S. & Dunkel, P. (1992). The effect of speech modification, prior knowledge and listening proficiency on EFL lecture learning. TESOL Quarterly, 26(2), 345-374.
Conrad, L. (1989). The effects of time-compressed speech on native and EFL listening comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 11, 1-16.
Cook, V. (2001). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. New York: Oxford University Press.
Derwing, T.M. & Munro, M.J. (2001). What speaking rates do non-native listeners prefer? Applied Linguistics. 22(3), 324-337.
Field, J. (1998). Skills and strategies: Towards a new methodology for listening. ELT Journal 52(2), 110-118.
Field, J. (2008). Listening in the language classroom. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, J. & Miller, L. (2005). Second language listening: Theory and practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gilakjani, A. P. & Ahmadi, M. R. (2011). A study of factors affecting EFL learners' English listening comprehension and the strategies for improvement. Journal of Language Teaching & Research, 2(5), 977-988.
Goh, C. C. M. (2000). A cognitive perspective on language learners' listening comprehension problems. System, 28(1), 55-75.
Graham, S. (2006). Listening comprehension: The learners' perspective. System, 34(2), 165-182.
Griffiths, R. (1990). Speech rate and NNS comprehension: A preliminary study in timebenefit analysis. Language Learning, 40(3), 311-336.
Guo, N. & Wills, R. (2006). An investigation of factors influencing English listening comprehension and possible measures for improvement. AER Journal. Retrieved from http://www.aare.edu.au/05pap/guo05088.pdf
Hamouda, A. (2012). Listening comprehension problems: Voices from the classroom. Language in India, 12(8), 1-49.
Hasan, A. S. (2000). Learners' perceptions of listening comprehension problems. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 13(2), 137-153.
Henrichsen, L.E. (1984). Sandhi-variation: a filter of input for learners of ESL. Language Learning 34, 103-126.
Johns, T. & Dudley-Evans, A. (1980). An experiment in team-teaching of overseas postgraduate students of transportation and plant biology. Team Teaching in ESP, ELT Documents No. 106. The British Council, London, p. 6-23 . Kelly, P. (1991). Lexical ignorance: The main obstacle to listening comprehension with advanced FL learners. IRAL 29, 135-150.
Khatib, M. & Khodabakhsh, M. R. (2010). The effect of modified speech on listening to authentic speech. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 1(5), 685-693.
Kline, J. A. (1996). Listening Effectively. Washington: Air University Press. Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford; NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
Lindsay, C. & Knight, P. (2006). Learning and teaching English: A course for teachers.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative language teaching: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lundsteen, S.W. (1979). Listening; Its Impact on All Levels on Reading and the Other Language Arts. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English & ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills.
Markham, P. & Latham, M. (1987). The influence of religion-specific background knowledge on the listening comprehension of adult second language students. Language Learning 37, 157-170.
Matter, J. (1989). Some fundamental problems in understanding French as a foreign language. In H.W. Dechert & M. Raupach (Eds.), Interlingual Processes. Gunter Narr, Tübingen, p. 105-119.
Mc Bride, K. (2011). The effect of rate of speech and distributed practice on the development of listening comprehension. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(2), 131-154.
Mendelson, D. J. (1994). Learning to listen. USA: Dominie Press.
Morley, J. (2001). Aural comprehension instruction: Principles and practices. In M. Celce Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, (p.69-85). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Nunan, D. (1998). Approaches to teaching listening in language classroom. In proceedings of the 1997 Korean TESOL Conference. Taejon, Korea: KOTESOL.
O'Malley, J. M., Chamot, A. U. & Kupper, L. (1989). Listening comprehension strategies in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 10(4), 418-437.
Peterson, P. W. (2001). Skills and strategies for proficient listening. In M. Celce Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, (p.69-85). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Richards, J. C. (2005). Second thoughts on teaching listening. RELC Journal, 36(1), 85- 92.
Richards, J. C. & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rivers, W. M. (1981). Teaching foreign language skills. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Rost, M. (1990). Listening in language learning. New York: London.
Rost, M. (1994). Introducing listening. London: Penguin books.
Rost, M. (2002). Teaching and researching listening. Great Britain: Pearson Education.
Rubin, J. (1994). A Review of Second Language Listening Comprehension Research. The Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 199-221.
Tsui, A. B. M. & Fullilove, J. (1998). Bottom-up or T op-down Processing as a Discriminator of L2 Listening Performance. Applied Linguistics, 19(4), 432- 451. Underwood, M. (1989). Teaching listening. New York: Longman. Ur, P. (2007). Teaching listening comprehension. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vandergrift, L. (1997). The Cinderella of Communication Strategies: Reception Strategies in Interactive Listening. The Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 494- 505.
Vandergrift, L. (1999). Facilitating second language listening comprehension: Acquiring successful strategies. ELT Journal, 53(3), 168-176.
Vandergrift, L. (2004). 1. Listening to learn or learning to listen? Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24, 3-25.
Vandergrift, L. (2007). Recent developments in second and foreign language listening comprehension research. Cambridge Journals, 40(3), 191-210.
Wallece, T., Stariha, W. E. & Walberg, H. J. (2004). Teaching speaking, listening and writing. France: Typhon.
Yavuz, H. (2006). "Turkish consonants", in Z. Balpınar, (Ed.), Turkish Phonology, Morphology and Syntax, 3rd edition, (p.13-28). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi
Yıldırım, S. (2013). A comparison of EFL teachers' and students' perceptions of listening comprehension problems and teachers' reported classroom practices. Unpublished MA thesis. Bilkent University, Ankara.
Zhao, Y. (1997). The effects of listener's control of speech rate on second language comprehension. Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 49-68.