KARAKTER GÜÇLERİ ENVANTERİ ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK FORMU’NUN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Bu araştırmanın amacı Shoshani (2018) tarafından geliştirilen Karakter Güçleri Envanteri Erken Çocukluk Formu’nun Türkçeye uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 4-6 yaş çocukların ebeveynlerinden 311 araştırma verisi elde edilmiştir. Envanterin orijinal formu 96 madde, 24 alt faktör ve 4 temel boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Uyarlanan envanterden elde edilen veriler ile orijinal formun yapısına uygunluğunu incelemek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmış, DFA sonucunda ölçeğin orijinal formunun korunduğu görülmüştür. Envanterin güvenirlik analizleri için iç tutarlık katsayıları ve düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyonları hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen Cronbach alfa katsayıları kişilerarası güçler boyutu için 0.91; entelektüel güçler boyutu için 0.86; ölçülülük boyutu için 0.88 ve aşkınlık boyutu için 0.89 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde Karakter Güçleri Envanteri Erken Çocukluk Formu’nun Türk kültüründe geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karakter güçleri, erken çocukluk dönemi, ölçek uyarlama, geçerlik, güvenirlik

TURKISH ADAPTATION OF THE CHARACTER STRENGTHS INVENTORY EARLY CHILDHOOD FORM: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

The purpose of the current study is to adapt the Character Strengths Inventory for Early Childhood developed by Shoshani (2018) to Turkish by conducting its validity and reliability studies. To this end, a total of 311 research data were collected from the parents of 4-6 year olds attending pre-school institutions. The original form of the inventory consists of 96 items, 24 sub-factors and 4 main dimensions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was run to investigate the compliance of the data collected from the adapted inventory with the construct of the original form and as a result of this CFA, it was found that the construct of the original scale was retained. For the reliability analyses of the scale, internal consistency coefficients and item total correlations were calculated. The calculated Cronbach alpha coefficients are as follows: 0.91 for the Interpersonal Strengths dimension; 0.86 for the Intellectual Strengths dimension; 0.88 for the Temperance dimension and 0.89 for the Transcendence dimension. As a result of the analyses, it was concluded that the Character Strengths Inventory for Early Childhood can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in the Turkish culture.

Keywords:

Character strengths, early childhood, adaptation, validity, reliability,

PDF

___

Battistich, V., Schaps, E., Watson, M., Solomon, D., & Lewis, C. (2000). Effects of the child development project on students' drug use and other problem behaviors. Journal of Primary Prevention, 21(1), 75-99. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007057414994
Baker, L., Green, S., & Falecki, D. (2017). Positive early childhood education: Expanding the reach of positive psychology into early childhood. European Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 1(8), 1-12.
Beaty, J. J. (1999). Prosocial guidance for the preschool child. Prentice-Hall.
Becker, J. A., & Smenner, P. C. (1986). The spontaneous use of thank you by preschoolers as a function of sex, socioeconomic status, and listener status. Language in Society, 15, 537–545.
Brdar, I., & Kashdan, T. B. (2010). Character strengths and well- being in Croatia: An empirical investigation of structure and correlates. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.12.001
Brownell, C. A., Zerwas, S., & Ramani, G. B. (2007). So big: The development of body self-awareness in toddlers. Child Development, 78, 1426–1440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01075.x
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
Corral-Verdugo, V., Tapia-Fonllem, C., & Ortiz-Valdez, A. (2014). On the relationship between character strengths and sustainable behavior. Environment and Behavior, 47(8), 877-901. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916514530718
Costin, S. E., & Jones, D. C. (1992). Friendship as a facilitator of emotional responsiveness and prosocial interventions among young children. Developmental Psychology, 28(5), 941–947. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.5.941
Dunn, J. (1988). The beginnings of social understanding. Harvard University Press.
Eckerman, C. O., Davis, C. C., & Didow, S. M. (1989). Toddlers' emerging ways of achieving social coordinations with a peer. Child development, 60(2), 440-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1130988
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. (1992). Emotion, regulation, and the development of social competence. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior (pp. 119–150). Sage.
Epstein, M. H. (2004). Behavioral and emotional rating scale (2nd ed.). PRO-ED.
Gillham, J., Adams-Deutsch, Z., Werner, J., Reivich, K., Coulter-Heindl, V., Linkins, M., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Character strengths predict subjective well-being during adolescence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.536773
Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2016). Karakter güçleri ve erdemli oluş: Güçlü yanlara-dayalı psikolojik danışma ve değerler eğitimine yeni bir yaklaşım. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 6(45), 25-40.
Kim, H. R., Kim, S. M., Hong, J. S., Han, D. H., Yoo, S. K., Min, K. J., & Lee, Y. S. (2018). Character strengths as protective factors against depression and suicidality among male and female employees. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1084. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5997-1
Kline, R. B. (2005). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Littman-Ovadia, H., & Lavy, S. (2012). Character strengths in Israel: Hebrew adaptation of the VIA Inventory of Strengths. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000089
Lounsbury, J. W., Fisher, L. A., Levy, J. J., & Welsh, D. P. (2009). An investigation of character strengths in relation to the academic success of college students. Individual Differences Research, 7(1), 52-69.
Macdonald, C., Bore, M., & Munro, D. (2008). Values in Action scale and the Big 5: An empirical indication of structure. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(4), 787-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.10.003
Martínez-Martí, M. L., & Ruch, W. (2014). Character strengths and well-being across the life span: Data from a representative sample of German-speaking adults living in Switzerland. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1253. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01253
McGrath, R. (2014). Scale- and item-level factor analyses of the VIA inventory of strengths. Assessment, 21(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191112450612
Moreno, A. J., & Robinson, J. L. (2005). Emotional vitality in infancy as a predictor of cognitive and language abilities in toddlerhood. Infant and Child Development, 14(4), 383–402. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.406
Park, N. (2004). Character strengths and positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203260079
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006a). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the values in action inventory of strengths for youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 891–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.011
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006b). Character strengths and happiness among young children: Content analysis of parental descriptions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 323–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3648-6
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1042
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2010). Does it matter where we live? The urban psychology of character strengths. American Psychologist, 65(6), 535–547. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019621
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being: A closer look at hope and modesty. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5). 628-634. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.628.50749
Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press/American Psychological Association.
Peterson, C., Park, N., Pole, N., D'Andrea, W., & Seligman, M. E. (2008). Strengths of character and posttraumatic growth. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 21(2), 214-217. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20332
Priest, C. (2007). Incorporating character education into the early childhood degree program: The need, and one department's response. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 28(2), 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901020701366723
Proctor, C., Tsukayama, E., Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Eades, J. F., & Linley, P. A. (2011). Strengths gym: The impact of a character strengths-based intervention on the life satisfaction and well-being of adolescents. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5), 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.594079
Rashid, T., Anjum, A., Lennox, C., Quinlan, D., Niemiec, R. M., Mayerson, D., & Kazemi, F. (2013). Assessment of character strengths in children and adolescents. In C. Proctor & P. A. Linley (Eds.), Research, applications, and interventions for children and adolescents (pp. 81-115). Springer, Dordrecht.
Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., Harzer, C., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2010). Values in action inventory of strengths (VIA-IS): Adaptation and validation of the German version and the development of a peer-rating form. Journal of Individual Differences, 31(3), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000022
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Free Press.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 61(8), 774–788. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.8.774
Shoshani, A. (2018). Young children’s character strengths and emotional well-being: Development of the character strengths inventory for early childhood (CSI-EC). The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(1), 86-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1424925
Shoshani, A., & Aviv, I. (2012). The pillars of strength for first-grade adjustment–Parental and children’s character strengths and the transition to elementary school. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(4), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.691981
Shoshani, A., & Shwartz, L. (2018). From character strengths to children's well-being: Development and validation of the Character Strengths Inventory for elementary school children. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02123
Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2013). Middle school transition from the strengths perspective: Young adolescents’ character strengths, subjective well-being, and school adjustment. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1163-1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9374-y
Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2017). Positive education for young children: Effects of a positive psychology intervention for preschool children on subjective well being and learning behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01866
Shryack, J., Steger, M. F., Krueger, R. F., & Kallie, C. S. (2010). The structure of virtue: An empirical investigation of the dimensionality of the virtues in action inventory of strengths. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(6), 714-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.007
Singh, K., & Choubisa, R. (2010). Empirical validation of values in action-inventory of strengths (VIA-IS) in Indian context. National Academy of Psychology India Psychological Studies, 55, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-010-0015-4
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı (M. Baloğlu, Çev. Ed.) (6. baskıdan çev.). Nobel Yayıncılık.
Tehranchi, A., Doost, H. T. N., Amiri, S., & Power, M. J. (2018). The role of character strengths in depression: A structural equation model. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1609. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01609
Warneken, F., Chen, F., & Tomasello, M. (2006). Cooperative activities in young children and chimpanzees. Child Development, 77(3), 640-663. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00895.x
Wiley, J. (2000). Linking character development with academics. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 36(4), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2000.10518778