Tanzimat Dönemi Osmanlı Adalet Düşüncesi ve Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti: Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Siyaset felsefesi tartışmalarından biri de Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti’ne tarihsel perspektiften bakışla ilgilidir. Bu tartışma tarihsel perspektifle elde edilecek verilerin Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti uygulamalarında işe yarayıp yaramadığı noktasında odaklanmaktadır. Diğer bir tartışma konusu Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti ile ilgili değerlendirmelerde sadece yakın zamanda meydana gelen olayların ve reformların dikkate alınması ve tarihten örneklere çok sık müracaat edilmemesi ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada ABD’nin Yeniden Yapılanma Çağı’nda ve Osmanlı’nın Tanzimat Dönemi’nde gerçekleştirilen reformlar Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti açısından incelenmektedir. Makalede, her iki zaman dilimininde gerçekleşen reformları örnek iki vaka olarak alınmakta ve Geçiş Dönemi Adaletine tarihsel perspektifle bakışın imkânı sorgulanmaktadır. Çalışma, esas alınan süreçteki yasal düzenlemeler ve yapısal reformlarla sınırlandırılmaktadır. İnceleme sonucunda her iki sürecin başarısızlıkla sonuçlandığı görülmektedir. Buna rağmen her iki dönemde atılan adaletle ilgili adımların ve reformların gelecekteki birçok anayasal ve yasal reformun zeminini teşkil ettiğini de söylemek mümkündür. Ayrıca bu iki örnek geçiş dönemi adaleti incelemelerinde tarihsel perspektifin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Felsefe, İslam Felsefesi, Osmanlı Siyaset Düşüncesi, Tanzimat Dönemi, Geçiş Dönemi Adaleti

Ottoman Justice Thought in Tanzimat Period and Transitional Justice: A Comparative Analysis

One of the debates about contemporary political philosophy is related to historical perspective upon the Transitional Justice. This debate focuses on the probability of historical perspective will work in the Transitional Justice practices. In addition to this, in the evaluations concerning Transitional Justice, recently happened events and implemented reforms are taken into account and historical examples are not frequently referred. In the present work, by starting from this thesis, we will scrutinize the reforms made in American Reconstruction and Ottoman Tanzimat eras in terms of transitional justice. By taking both eras into consideration as two cases, we sought to question the possibility of historical perspective in the work. The work is limited to the legal arrangements and structural reforms in the considered eras. In the conclusion of the work, it is seen that the legal and structural reforms in both eras, which had the characteristics of transitional period, failed. In spite of this, it is probable to say that the taken steps related to justice formed the basis of many constitutional and legal reforms in the future. Additionally, these two cases demonstrate the significance of historical perspective in the studies of transitional justice.

Keywords:

Philosophy, Islamic Philosophy, Ottoman Political Thought, Tanzimat Era, Transitional Justice,

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