Hasat Öncesi Giberellik Asit ve Oksalik Asit Uygulamalarının ‘Kosiu’ ve ‘Hakko’ Asya Armut Çeşitlerinde Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışma hasat öncesi oksalik asit (OA) ve giberellik asit (GA3) uygulamalarının ‘Hakko’ ve ‘Kosiu’ asya armut (Pyrus prifolia) çeşitlerinde meyve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Her iki çeşitte de meyveler tam olgunlukta hasat edilmiş ve meyve eni, meyve boyu, meyve ağırlığı, meyve eti sertliği, meyve rengi, suda çözünür kuru madde (SÇKM), titre edilebilir asitlik (TEA) ve toplam fenolik madde (TFM) içeriği yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Gerek GA3 ve gerekse OA uygulamalarının meyve eni, meyve boyu, meyve ağırlığı, meyve eti sertliği, TEA ve SÇKM üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. OA ve GA3 uygulamalarının L*, a* ve b* değerlerini ‘Hakko’ çeşidinde etkilediği, ‘Kosiu’ çeşidinde ise etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. ‘Hakko’ çeşidinde en yüksek L* değeri (64.64) 2 mM OA uygulamasından, en yüksek a* ve b* değerleri (sırasıyla, -0.16 ve 41.69) ise 4 mM OA uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. TFM içeriği ‘Kosiu’ çeşidinde en yüksek 1 ve 2 mM OA uygulamalarından (sırasıyla, 1738 ve 1717 mg GAE/L), ‘Hakko’ çeşidinde ise 4 mM OA uygulamasından (1942 mg GAE/L) elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada, OA uygulamalarının asya armutlarında özellikle TFM içeriği üzerine önemli etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Armut, giberellik asit, meyve kalitesi, oksalik asit

Effects of Pre-Harvest Applications of Gibberellic Acid and Oxalic Acid on Fruit Quality in Asian Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) Cultivars ‘Kosiu’ and ‘Hakko’

This study was conducted to determine the effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid (GA3) and oxalic acid (OA) applications on fruit quality of ‘Hakko’ and ‘Kosiu’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars. Mature fruits of both cultivars were harvested at their maturity and evaluated right after harvest in terms of fruit width, fruit height, fruit weight, fruit firmness, fruit color, total soluble solids (TSS), titretable acidity (TA) and total phenolic (TP) content. Both GA3 and OA applications did not caused any significant differences on fruith width, fruit height, fruith weight, fruit firmness, TSS and TA. It has been determined that GA3 and OA applications significantly affect L*, a* and b* values in ‘Hakko’ cultivar and not in the ‘Kosiu’ cultivar. The highest L* value (64.64) in the Hakko cultivar was obtained from 2 mM OA application and the highest a* and b* values (-0.16 and 41.69, respectively) were obtained from 4 mM OA application. In terms of TP content, the highest values were obtained from 1 and 2 mM OA applications (1738 and 1717 mg GAE/L, respectively) in ‘Kosiu’ cultivar and from 4 mM OA application (1942 mg GAE/L) in ‘Hakko’ cultivar. In the study, it was determined that OA applications have a significant effect on the especially TP content in asian pear cultivars.

Keywords:

Pear, gibberellic acid, fruit quality, oxalic acid,

PDF

___

Buban, T. 2000. The Use of Benzyladenine in Orchard Fruit Growing:A Mini Review. Plant Growth Regulation, 32(1-2): 381-390.
Canlı, F.A. ve Pektaş, M. 2015. Improving Fruit Size and Quality of Low Yielding and Small Fruited Pear Cultivars with Benzyadenine and Gibberellin Applications. Europen Journalof Horticultural Sicence, 80(3): 103-108.
Canlı, F.A., Pektaş, M. ve Kelen, M. 2009. Effects of Pre-harvest Plant Growth Regulator Sprays on Fruit Quality of ‘Deveci’ Pear (Pyrus communis L.). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 3(1): 81-84.
Chen, X., Bao, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, C. and Huang, X. 2012. Effect of Hormone Treatments on Deformed Fruit Development in Pear, 10207-10209.
Corelli-Grappadelli, L. and Lakso A.N. 2004. Fruit Development in Decidious Tree Crops as Affected by Physiological Factor and Environmental Conditions. Acta Horticulturae. 636: 425-421.
Durham C.A., McFetridge M.C. and Johnson, A.J. 2005. The Development of a Quality Scale to Measure the Impact of Quality on Supermarket Fruit Demand. Journal of Food Distribution Research. 36: 36-41.
Eti, S., Gökçe, A.F. ve Sütyemez, M. 1995. Santa Maria ve June Beauty Yazlık Armut Çeşitlerinde GA3 Uygulamalarının Meyve Tutumu ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Türkiye II. Ulusal bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Cilt:1 (Meyve): 74-78, Adana.
Gimenez, G., Reeb, P., Dussi, M.C., Elosegui, F., Siviero, P., Fantaguzzi, S. and Sugar, D. 2010. Optimizing Benzyladenine Application Timing in ‘Williams’ Pear. Acta Horticulturae, 884: 265-272.
Gonkiewicz, A., Blaszczyk, J. and Basak, A. 2011. Chemical Pear Fruit Thinning. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 19(1): 73-78.
Hedden, P. 1999. Recent Advaces in Gibberellin Biosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 50: 553-563. Jackson, J. 2003. Biology of Apples and Pears. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Karaca, E. 2011. Nar Suyu Konsantresi Üretiminde Uygulanan Bazı İşlemlerin Fenolik Bileşenler Üzerine Etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Entisüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 144 sayfa, Adana.
Looney, N.E. and Lidster, P.D. 1980. Some Growth Regulator Effect on Fruit Quality, Mesocarp Composition, and Susceptibility to Post Harvest Surface Marking of Sweet Cherries. Journal of the American Society For Horticultural Science, 105: 130-134.
Lurie, S., Arie, R.B. and Zilkah, S. 1997. The Ripening and Storage Quality ofNectarine Fruits in Response to Preharvest Application of Gibberellic Acid. Proc. 8th Symposium Plant Bioregulators. Acta Horticulture, 463: 340-347.
Martinez-Espla, A., Zapata, P.J., Valero, D., Garcia-Viguera, C., Castillo, S. and Serrano, M. 2014. Preharvest Application of Oxalic Acid Increased Fruit Size, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Capacity in Sweet Cherry Cultivars (Prunus avium L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62: 3432−3437.
Mohammad, S. and Khalil, I.A. 1997. Effect of Gibberellic Acid on The Colour Development of ‘Redhaven’ Peaches. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 8 (5): 425-430.
Ozga, J. and Reinecke M.D. 2003. Hormonal Interactions in Fruit Development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 22: 73-81.
Özgüven, A.I. 1994. Bahçe Bitkilerinde Giberellinlerin Kullanım Alanları. Derim, 11(2): 72-85.
Pektaş, M. 2009. Hasat Öncesi Bazı Bitki Büyümeyi Düzenleyici Madde (BBDM) Uygulamalarının ‘Akça’ ve ‘B. P. Morettini’ Armutlarında (Pyrus communis L.) Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 58s, Isparta.
Pietruszka, M., Lewicka, S. and Pazurkiewicz-Kocot, K. 2007. Temperature and The Growth of Plant Cell. Journal of Plant Regulation, 26: 15-25.
Razavi, F. and Hajilou, J. 2016. Enhancement of Postharvest Nutritional Quality and Antioxsidant Capacity of Peach Fruits by Preharvest Oxalic Acid Treatment. Scientia Horticulturae, 200: 95-101.
Sayyari, M., Valero, D., Babalar, M., Kalantari, S., Zapata, P.J. and Sebrano, M. 2010. Prestorage Oxalic Acid Treatment Maintained Visual Quality, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Potential of Pomegranate After Long-Term Storage at 2oC. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 58: 6804-6808.
Southwick, J,G. and Yeager, J.T. 1995. Use of Gibberellin Formulations For Improved Fruit Firmness and Chemical Thinning in ‘Patterson’ Apricots. Acta Horticulturae, 384: 425-429.
Stern, R.A., Doron, I. and Ben-Arie, M. 2007a. Plant Growth Regulators Increase the Fruit Size of ‘Spadona’ and ‘Coscia’ Pears (Pyrus communis) in a Warm Climate. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 82(5): 803-807.
Stern, A.R., Flaishman, M.A. and Ben-Arie, R. 2007b. Effect of Synthetic Auxins on Fruit Size of Five Cultivars of Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Scientia Horticulture, 112: 304-309.
Valero, D., Diaz-Mula, H.M., Zapata, P.J., Castillo, S., Guillen, F., Martinez-Romero, D. and Serrano, M. 2011. Posthaervest Treatments with Salicylic Acid, Acetylsalicylic Acid or Oxalic Acid Delayed Ripening and Enhanced Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Sweet Cherry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 5483-5489.
Vilardell, P., Pages, J.M. and Asin, L. 2008. Effect of Bioregulator Applications on Fruit Set in ‘Abate Fetel’ Pear Trees. Acta Horticulturae,800: 169-174.
Westwood, M.N. 1995. Temperate-zone Pomology, Physiology and Culture, Third Edition. Timber Press, ISBN-0-8819-2253-6, 523 p. Portland, Oregon.
Zhang, C., Tanabe, K., Wang, S., Tamura, F., Yoshida, A. and Matsumoto, K. 2006. The Impact of Cell Division and Cell Enlargement on the Evolution of Fruit Size in Pyrus pyrifolia. Annals of Botany, 98: 537-543.