Cumali ÖZASLAN, Songül AKIN, Songül GÜRSOY

Weed Control and Crop Production Practices in Cotton Production in Diyarbakır Province of Turkey

Pamuk tarımı, Türkiyenin Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde çok önemlidir. Yabancı otlar, pamuktarımında karşılaşılan en önemli sorunlardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada, bölgedeki yabancı otlarla mücadeleyöntemleri, uygulanan bitki yetiştirme teknikleri, en önemli yabancı ot türleri ve karşılaşılan sorunlarıdeğerlendirmek amacıyla Diyarbakır ilinde bir anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca, tarımsal yayımuygulamalarının yabancı ot kontrolüne etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 75 pamuk üreticisine anketuygulanmıştır. Ankette pamuk üreticilerine uyguladıkları ekim nöbeti, toprak işleme, sulama ve yabancıot kontrol yöntemlerini içeren 15 soru sorulmuştur. Ayrıca, pamuk tarlalarında en fazla karşılaştıklarıyabancı otlar da belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda pamuk taralalarında en yaygın görülen yabancıotların Xanthium strumarium L. (domuz pıtrağı), Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (kanyaş), Amaranthusretrof lexus L. (horozibiği), Cynodon dactylon (köpekdişi ayrığı), Physalis spp. [Physalis philadelphicaLam. (fener otu) and Physalis angulata L. (fener otu), Solanum nigrum L. (kopek üzümü), Portulacaoleracea L. (semiz otu) ve Cyperus rotundus L. (topalak) olduğu saptanmıştır. Üreticilerin coğunun çıkışöncesi ve sonrası yabancı ot ilaçlarını, ekim öncesi ve bitki gelişimi döneminde kullandıkları görülmüştür.Ankete katılanların % 63.4ü pamuğun ön bitkisinin pamuk, %18.3ü buğday ve %16.9ü ise mısırolduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Bölgede yaygın olarak sonbaharda kulaklı pulluk, ekimden önce kültüvatör vetapan uygulamalarını içeren geleneksel toprak işleme yönteminin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.Üreticilerin %70inden daha fazlası yabancı ot kontrolünde toprak işleme sisteminin önemli oranda etkiliolduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, bölge koşullarına uygun bitki yetiştirme ve yabancıot kontrol yöntemlerinin araştırılmasının ve seçilmesinin çok önemli olduğu görülmüştür.

Diyarbakır İli (Türkiye) Pamuk Üretim Uygulamaları ve Yabancı Ot Kontrolü

Cotton agriculture is very important in South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Weeds are amajor problem in cotton farming systems. In this study, a survey was conducted in Diyarbakır Province ofTurkey to evaluate weed management practices being opted, crop production methods in use, mostimportant weed species and major production problems in the region. Moreover, effect of agriculturalextension activities on weed control was investigated. For this purpose, over 75 cotton growers weresurveyed by a questionnaire. The questionnaire included 15 questions about crop rotation, tillage systems,irrigation and weed management methods being applied by these growers in cotton production. Moreover,growers were surveyed about the most common weeds that they faced in cotton fields. The survey resultsshowed that the most common weeds in cotton production fields were Xanthium strumarium L. (commoncoclebur), Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (johnsongrass), Amaranthus retrof lexus L. (common amaranth),Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass), Physalis spp. (ground cherry) [Physalis philadelphica Lam. (mexicangroundcherry) and Physalis angulata L. (cutleaf groundcherry)] , Solanum nigrum L. (black nightshade),Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane), Cyperus rotundus L. (nutgrass). Most growers used pre-emergence andpost emergence herbicides before planting and in the season. The preceding crops of cotton were cotton(63.4%), wheat (18.3%) and maize (16.9%). The tillage system used was commonly conventional tillagemethod including moldboard plough in the autumn and two times cultivator and planking before planting.Over 70% of growers stated that tillage system significantly influenced the weed population. This studysuggests that it is very important to research and choose the suitable crop production and weedmanagement practices for region conditions.

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