Tospovirüslerin Tripsler İle Taşınma Mekanizmaları

Tospovirüsler, Bunyaviridae familyasında bitkilerde enfeksiyon yapan tek virüs grubu olan Tospovirus cinsi içerisinde yer almaktadırlar. Bu familyada yer alan diğer 4 virüs cinsi (Bunyavirus, Phylebovirus, Nairovirus, Hantavirus) hayvanlarda enfeksiyon yaparken, sadece tospovirusler bitkilerde enfeksiyon gerçekleştirmektedir. Tospovirüsler, Thysanoptera takımı Thripidae familyası içerisinde yer alan trips türleri ile persistent olarak taşınmaktadır. Tripsler ile taşınan tospovirüsler, Dünya çapında ekonomik öneme sahip birçok bitki türünde önemli verim kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Tospovirus, trips ve konukçu bitki arasındaki spesifik ve kompleks ilişkiler, tospovirüslerin neden olduğu hastalıkların epidemi yapmasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinde, tospovirüslerin tripsler tarafından kazanılması ve taşınması sırasında gerçekleşen biyolojik olaylar ve interaksiyonlar ele alınmış, vektör bünyesine virüsün giriş mekanizması ve virüsün trips tarafından kazanılması, replikasyonu ve taşınması sırasında viral membran glikoproteinlerinin rolleri hakkında bilgiler yer almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tospovirüs, Trips, Taşınma, Vektör, Glikoprotein

Thrips Transmission Mechanisms of Tospoviruses

Tospoviruses are viruses in the genus Tospovirus which belong to the family Bunyaviridae. Tospoviruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by thrips belonging to the family Thripidae of the order Thysanoptera. Thrips-transmitted tospoviruses cause severe yield losses to several economically important crops worldwide. The complex and specific interplay between thrips, tospoviruses, and plant hosts leads to outbreaks of crop disease epidemics. In this review, we focus on the biological processes and interactions involved in the acquisition and transmission of tospoviruses by their thrips vectors. Here, the mechanism governing tospovirus entry into vector, the role of viral membrane glycoproteins in virus acquisition, replication, and movement through thrips were discussed.

Keywords:

-,

PDF

___

Adkins S (2000) Tomato spotted wilt virus - positive steps towards negative success. Molecular Plant Pathology 1: 151–157.
Bandla MD, Campbell LR, Ullman DE, German TL, Sheewood JL (1998) Interaction of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) glycoproteins with a thrips midgut protein, a potential cellular receptor for TSWV. Phytopathology 88: 98–104.
Bargen SV, Salchert K, Paape M, Piechulla B, Kellman JW (2001) Interactions between the Tomato spotted wilt virus movement protein and plant proteins showing homologies to myosin, kinesin and DnaJ-like chaperones. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 39: 1083–1093.
Chapman EJ, Hilson P, German TL (2003) Assocciation of L protein and in vitro Tomato spotted wilt virus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase activity. Intervirology 46: 177–181.
de Assis Filho FM, Deom CM, Sherwood JL (2004) Acquisition of Tomato spotted wilt virus by adults of two thrips species. Phytopathology 94:333–336.
Horne KM, Vanlandingham DL (2014) Bunyavirus-vector interactions. Viruses 6: 4373–4397.
Jones DR (2005) Plant viruses transmitted by thrips. European Journal of Plant Pathology 113: 119–157.
Kikkert M, Meurs C, van de Wetering F, Dorfmuller S, Peters D, Kormelink R, Goldbach R (1998) Binding of Tomato spotted wilt virus to a 94-kDa thrips protein. Phytopathology 88: 63–69.
Moritz G, Kumm S, Mound L (2004) Tospovirus transmission depends on thrips ontogeny. Virus Research 100: 143–149.
Nagata T, Peters D (2001) An anatomical perspective of Tospovirus transmission. In: Harris KF, Smith OP, Duffus JE (eds) Virus–insect–plant interactions, Academic Press, New York, pp 51–67.
Nagata T, Almeida ACL, De Resende RO, De Avila AC (2002) The transmission specificity and efficiency of Tospoviruses: Marullo R, Mound LA, (eds) Thrips and Tospoviruses: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Thysanoptera. Canberra, Australian National Insect Collection, p: 45–46.
Nagata T, Almeida ACL, Resende RO, DeAvila AC (2004) The competence of four thrips species to transmit and replicate four tospoviruses. Plant Pathology 53: 136–140.
Naidu RA, Sherwood JL, Deom CM (2008) Characterization of a vector-non-transmissible isolate of Tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Pathology 57: 190–200.
Pappu HR, Jones RAC, Jain RK (2009) Global status of tospovirus epidemics in diverse cropping systems: Successes achieved and challenges ahead. Virus Research 141: 219–236.
Qui WP, Geske SM, Hickey CM, Moyer JW (1998) Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus genome reassortment and genome segment specific adaptation. Virology 244: 186–194.
Riley DG, Joseph SV, Srinivasan R, Diffie S (2011) Thrips vectors of tospoviruses. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 1: 1–10.
Saidi M, Warade SD (2008) Tomato breeding for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV): An overview of conventional and molecular approaches. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 44: 83–92.
Snippe M, Borst JW, Goldbach R, Kormelink R (2007) Tomato spotted wilt virus Gc and N proteins interact in vivo. Virology 357: 115–123.
Tentchev D, Verdin E, Marchal C, Jacquet M, Aguilar JM, Moury B (2011) Evolution and structure of Tomato spotted wilt virus populations: Evidence of extensive reassortment and insights into emergence processes. Journal of General Virology 92: 961–973.
Tsompana M, Abad J, Purugganan M, Moyer W (2005) The molecular population genetics of the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) genome. Molecular Ecology 14: 53–66.
Tsompana M, Moyer JW (2008) Tospoviruses. In: Mahy BWJ, Van Regenmortel MHV (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Virology, 3rd ed. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, UK, pp. 157–162.
Uhrig JF, Soellick TR, Minke CJ, Philipp C, Kellmann JW, Schreier PH (1999) Homotypic interaction and multimerization of nucleocapsid protein of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus: Identification and characterization of two interacting domains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96: 55–60.
Whitfield AE, Ullman DE, German TL (2004) Expression, purification, and characterization of a soluble form of Tomato spotted wilt virus glycoprotein GN. Journal of Virology 78: 13197–13206.
Whitfield AE, Ullman DE, German TL (2005) Tospovirus-thrips interactions. Annual Review of Phytopathology 43: 459–494.