Vaghef ENAYATİ, Ezatollah ESFANDİARİ, Alireza POURMOHAMMAD

Some Physiological and Bichemical Traits of Two Wheat Cultivars Subjected to Salinity Stress

Buğday dünyada ve aynı zamanda İran'da geniş bir alanı kaplayan ana ürünlerden biridir. Tuzluluk buğday büyüme ve üretkinliği azaltan faktörlerden biridir. Bu nedenle, iki buğday çeşidinde (Hirmand ve Karkheh) farklı tuzluluk seviyelerinde, lipid peroksidasyonu, antioksidan enzim faaliyetleri [katalaz (CAT), askorbat peroksidaz (APX) ve guaiakol peroksidaz (GPX)], hidrojen peroksit (H2O2)] membran stabilite indeksi (MSI) bağıl su içeriği (RWC), çözünür şekerler ile sodyum (Na+) ve potasyum (K+) iyonları incelenmiştir. Fideler, 20 gün süreyle 100 ve 200 mM NaCl ve kontrol olarak Hoagland çözeltisi ile muameleye tabi tutulmuştur. Tuzluluk stresi kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında, her iki çeşitte GPX ve CAT seviyelerini artırmıştır. Aynı zamanda, APX enzimi Hirmand çeşidinde artmış, ancak kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında Karkheh çeşidinde önemli bir değişiklik olmamıştır. Hirmand çeşidinde H2O2 miktarı tuzlu koşullarda kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında önemli ölçüde değişmezken, Karkheh çeşidinde önemli bir artış gözlenmiştir. Tuzlu koşullar altında, her iki çeşitte malondialdehid miktarı (MDA), kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında artmıştır. Ancak, en yüksek artış Karkheh çeşidinde gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar ayrıca, çeşitlerin MSI seviyelerinde bir azalma olduğunu göstermiştir. RWC, Karkheh çeşidinde önemli ölçüde azalırken, Hirmand çeşidinde önemli bir değişikliğe rastlanmamıştır. Her iki çeşitte çözünür şekerler artmıştır. Sonuçlar, her iki çeşitte de Na+ seviyesinde bir artış göstermiştir. Ancak, Karkheh çeşidinde K+azalırken, Hirmand çeşidinde önemli ölçüde değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. K+/Na+ oranı, her iki çeşitte de azalmıştır. Bu bulgular, muhtemelen çözünür şekerleri artan, antioksidan enzimlerin aktivitesini uyaran, K+ veRWC seviyesinde azalma olmayan ve Na+ seviyesinde düşük artış olan Hirmand çeşidinin, Karkheh çeşidine göre tuz kaynaklı oksidatif hasara karşı daha iyi bir koruma mekanizmasına sahip olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Tuz Stresine Maruz Bırakılan İki Buğday Çeşidinin Bazı Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Özellikleri

Wheat is one of the main crops occupying a large area in the world and also in Iran. Salinity is one of the factors that decrease wheat growth and productivity. Therefore, to study the effects of different salinity levels, changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities [catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)], hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), soluble sugars, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions in two wheat varieties (Hirmand and Karkheh) were investigated. Seedlings were subjected to 100 and 200 mM NaCl and hoagland's solution as control for 20 days. Salinity stress increased GPX and CAT in both cultivars compared with control. At the same time, the APX enzyme increased in 'Hirmand', but had no significant change in 'Karkheh' compared with control. The amount of H2O2 in 'Hirmand' did not significantly change in the saline condition compared with control, but showed a significant increase in 'Karkheh'. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in both cultivars under saline conditions increased in comparison with control. However, the highest increase was related to 'Karkheh'. The results also showed a decrease in MSI in both of the cultivars. RWC decreased significantly in 'Karkheh' while in 'Hirmand' there was no significant change. Soluble sugars in both cultivars increased. The results indicated an increase in Na+ in both cultivars. But K+ reduced in 'Karkheh' and did not change significantly in 'Hirmand'. The K+/Na+ ratio also decreased in both cultivars. These findings possibly suggest that by inducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, no decrease in RWC, and K+, low increase of Na+ and increasing the soluble sugars, 'Hirmand' has a better protection mechanism against salt-induced oxidative damage than 'Karkheh'.

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