Soğuk Yarı Kurak Koşullarda Tam ve Eksik Sulama Altındaki Mısırın Su Kullanım Verimliliği ve Su Üretim Fonksiyonu

Bu çalışmada, tarla koşullarında 2005-2006‘dan 2012-2013 yılları arasında sekiz yılda ölçülen mısır (Zea mays L.) verimleri soğuk yarı kurak koşullarda Tarımsal Ekolojik Bölge yöntemi tarafından simüle edilen verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Mısırın potansiyel verimi (Ym), 618 m3/da net sulama suyu için 1 043 kg/da olmuştur. Mısır için su üretim fonksiyonu, % 100 ile% 40 arasında uygulama verimliliği senaryolarıyla elde edilmiştir. Potansiyel bir mısır verimi üretmek için, sulama suyu gereksinimi, Sırasıyla % 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50 ve 40 su uygulama etkinliği altında 618, 686.7, 772.5, 882.9, 1 030, 1 236, 1 545 m3/da bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, ölçülen verimin da başına ortalama 640.4 kg/da olduğu ve 578.4 ila 702.6 kg/da arasında değiştiğini göstermiştir. Mısır üretimi için uygulanan su ortalama 1056.7 m3/da olmuştur. Mısır çiftliklerinde su kullanım etkinliği (SKE) sekiz yıl boyunca ortalama 0.61 kg/m3 ve su uygulama verimliliği % 51.2 olarak bulunmuştur. Soğuk yarı kurak ortamda mısır üretiminde su kullanım verimliliğini artırmak için kısıntılı sulamanın uygulanabileceği önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mısır sulama, Eksik sulama, Su uygulama etkinliği, Su verimliliği

Water Use Efficiency and Water Production Function of Corn under Full and Deficit Irrigation in a Cold Semi-arid Environment

In this study, corn (Zea mays L.) yields measured in the fields during eight years from 2005-2006 to 2012-2013 were compared with those simulated by the Agro-ecological Zone method under cold semi-arid environment. The potential yield (Ym) of corn was 10 430 kg ha-1 with a net water for irrigation of 6 180 m3 ha-1. Water-production function for corn was acquired with application efficiency scenarios from 100% to 40%. To produce a potential yield of corn, irrigation water requirement was 6 180, 6 867, 7 725, 8 829, 10 300, 12 360, 15 450 m3 ha-1 under water application efficiency of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50 and 40%, respectively. Results showed that measured yield ranged from 5 784 to 7 026 kg ha-1 per ha with an average of 6 404 kg ha-1. Water applied to produce corn averaged 10 567 m3 ha-1. The water use efficiency (WUE) averaged 0.61 kg m-3 during eight years and water application efficiency was 51.2% in corn farms. It is suggested that deficit irrigation could be applied to enhance water use efficiency in corn production under cold semi-arid environment.

Keywords:

Deficit irrigation, Corn irrigation, Water application efficiency, Water productivity,

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